ABSTRACT
The 1st international Consensus Conference for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC 1) took place on November 2011, in Lisbon. Consensus guidelines for the management of this disease were developed. This manuscript summarizes these international consensus guidelines.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Adaptation, Psychological , Antineoplastic Agents , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Female , Humans , International Cooperation , Male , Neoplasm Staging , Portugal , Quality of Life , Women's HealthABSTRACT
This article provides an overview of the treatment options available for patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. The article focuses on the four common organ sites affected by metastatic breast cancer, including the bone, lungs, liver and brain. The implications for nursing care are addressed, highlighting common side effects of treatment and frequent areas of concern for patients.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Brain Neoplasms/secondary , Breast Neoplasms/nursing , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Neoplasm Metastasis , RadiotherapyABSTRACT
Longitudinal confinement of dark solitons in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates leads to sound emission and reabsorption. We perform quantitative studies of the dynamics of a soliton oscillating in a tight dimple trap, embedded in a weaker harmonic trap. The dimple depth provides a sensitive handle to control the soliton-sound interaction. In the limit of no reabsorption, the power radiated is found to be proportional to the soliton acceleration squared. An experiment is proposed to detect sound emission as a change in amplitude and frequency of soliton oscillations.
ABSTRACT
We study the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice and harmonic trap. The condensates are set in motion by displacing the trap and initially follow simple semiclassical paths, shaped by the lowest energy band. Above a critical displacement, the condensate undergoes Bragg reflection. For high atom densities, the first Bragg reflection generates a train of solitons and vortices, which destabilize the condensate and trigger explosive expansion. At lower densities, soliton and vortex formation requires multiple Bragg reflections, and damps the center-of-mass motion.
ABSTRACT
By performing numerical simulations based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we make direct quantitative measurements of the sound energy released due to superfluid vortex reconnections. We show that the energy radiated expressed in terms of the loss of vortex line length is a simple function of the reconnection angle. In addition, we study the temporal and spatial distribution of the radiation and show that energy is emitted in the form of a sound pulse with a wavelength of a few healing lengths.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To establish the amount of information patients were given at their initial diagnosis of cancer, what information was beneficial and if there were any individual factors that made patients have different information needs. METHOD: Ten recently diagnosed patients were interviewed using a structured format to establish their understanding of the information given at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: Patients who suspected their diagnosis or who had been prepared were able to understand and retain this information. In contrast, those who did not suspect or who had not been prepared in any way were unable to take in the information initially. CONCLUSION: The patient's level of preparation should be established by the healthcare professional before the diagnosis is given.
Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Needs Assessment/standards , Neoplasms/psychology , Patient Education as Topic/standards , Adaptation, Psychological , Communication , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/therapy , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Power, Psychological , Professional-Patient Relations , Surveys and Questionnaires , Teaching Materials , Truth DisclosureSubject(s)
Neoplasms/nursing , Patient Education as Topic , Communication , Humans , Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Self-Help GroupsABSTRACT
A 25-year-old man with severe asthma was admitted to intensive care for mechanical ventilation. Conventional treatment with beta agonists, theophylline and steroids resulted in little improvement. Magnesium sulphate was used to reduce bronchospasm and airway pressure. This produced considerable clinical improvement, which facilitated weaning from mechanical ventilation.
Subject(s)
Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchial Spasm/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Magnesium Sulfate/therapeutic use , Adult , Drug Resistance , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation , MaleABSTRACT
We have assessed the effect of i.m. ketorolac or morphine on early postoperative gastric emptying of liquids in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery with spinal anaesthesia. Liquid gastric emptying was measured by absorption of paracetamol with patients acting as their own controls. There was no delay after ketorolac 30 mg, but morphine 10 mg resulted in marked delay. There was no difference in postoperative visual analogue pain scores between treatments.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Spinal , Gastric Emptying/drug effects , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Tolmetin/analogs & derivatives , Acetaminophen/metabolism , Aged , Female , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Intestinal Absorption , Intestine, Small/metabolism , Ketorolac , Male , Middle Aged , Morphine/administration & dosage , Orthopedics , Tolmetin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Hormonal and cardiovascular responses to 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) were investigated in six normal adult volunteers. After overnight fluid deprivation, an intravenous injection of either DDAVP (0.4 microgram/kg) or the same volume of normal saline was administered. One hour later an intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline was commenced and continued over two hours. Five minutes following the DDAVP injection, facial flushing, a fall in diastolic blood pressure by an average of 13% and a rise in pulse rate by an average of 18% were observed. There was a significant increase in plasma renin activity and plasma cortisol concentration, but no significant changes were observed in plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin or GH. Following osmotic stimulation by hypertonic saline plasma AVP rose to the same extent in both the DDAVP and control studies. DDAVP (0.4 microgram/kg) was also administered to five subjects with cranial diabetes insipidus. Again facial flushing, increased facial temperature, a fall in diastolic pressure and a rise in heart rate were all observed, suggesting that DDAVP exerts its cardiovascular actions by a mechanism other than antagonism of circulating endogenous AVP.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular System/drug effects , Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology , Hydrocortisone/blood , Renin/blood , Adult , Arginine Vasopressin/blood , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Diabetes Insipidus/blood , Flushing/etiology , Humans , Male , Osmolar Concentration , Pituitary Hormones, Anterior/blood , Pulse/drug effects , Water DeprivationABSTRACT
An analysis was made of South Auckland cases referred to the Auckland child health clinic in 1972 and 1973, and a survey of the views of the doctors and others who refer to the clinic was undertaken. The aim of the study was to establish whether the child assessment and treatment needs of the South Auckland area are being met, and the conclusion of the authors was that they are not. Recommendations are made.
Subject(s)
Child Guidance Clinics , Community Mental Health Services , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Attitude of Health Personnel , Attitude to Health , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Child Rearing , Humans , Motivation , New Zealand , Patient Care Team , Referral and Consultation , Residence Characteristics , Socioeconomic Factors , Student Dropouts , Transportation of Patients , Waiting ListsABSTRACT
A study of 4,278 country and city kindergarten children living in South Australia showed 63 and 59 per cent received fluoride tablets at some time and 17 per cent received daily doses. Lower dmf scores were found in those taking fluoride tablets but of decreasing value in the older children. Where no fluoride was taken zero dmf scores were 41-69 per cent. Protection from fluoride was not found where fluoride was taken for less than two years. Self administration appears to be an unsatisfactory method for fluoride therapy.
