Universal fluorescence module for intraoperative fluorescein angiography-a technical report.

BACKGROUND: Even in specialized centers, suboptimal aneurysm clipping can be as high as 12%. Intraoperative fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green and, more recently, fluorescein sodium have been shown to be a good method for intraoperative flow assessment. However, the cost with the apparatus it entails limits its widespread use. We have developed a low-cost universal fluorescence module (FM) designed to visualize fluorescein and perform intraoperative angiography. The purpose of this paper is to describe this device as well as to present our early experience with its use in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. METHOD: A FM was designed and built using a cyan-blue narrow bandpass (460 to 490 nm) excitation filter and a yellow-orange longpass (blocking wavelengths under 520 nm) barrier filter mounted on a 3D-printed holding tray in a specific disposition to perfectly match the light source and the objective lens of the surgical microscope. It allowed switching from white light to fluorescence mode in a simple and sterile fashion. Its perfect attachment to the microscope was possible by reusing the lens fittings extracted from used original drape sets that would otherwise be discarded. Four patients underwent aneurysm clipping using the FM at two institutions from April to September 2018. RESULTS: A bright green fluorescence against a dark background was observed after intravenous bolus of fluorescein. Blood vessels became obviously distinct from non-contrast-filled structures such as clipped aneurysms and the brain. Vascular anatomy could be appreciated without any distortion, including perforating arteries. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative fluorescence angiography was successfully performed with the use of this universal FM after intravenous injection of fluorescein sodium. This simple and low-cost device may be useful in resource-limited centers, where other sorts of intraoperative angiography are not available.

Cavernous Sinus Hemangioma: Surgical Aspects.

Resection of lesions in the cavernous sinus remains a challenge to neurosurgeons due to its complex anatomy. This video (Video 1) presents the most relevant landmarks of the cavernous sinus region, helping to understand the surgical anatomy. A 55-year-old female presented with diplopia, partial ptosis, and facial dysesthesia in the left ophthalmic territory. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion in the left cavernous sinus. Microsurgical resection was performed through an approach that included a fronto-orbital craniotomy, an extradural clinoidectomy, and intradural resection of the lesion through the anteromedial triangle. This maneuver expands the optic-carotid and carotid-oculomotor space, therefore the operative corridor.1,2 Both the carotid and optic nerves are untethering and can be gently and safely mobilized. The result of the histopathologic study was hemangioma. Despite the complex anatomy and surgical challenges, it is possible to treat lesions in the cavernous sinus region without causing major deficits, mainly in the nonmeningioma tumors. This is why it is important to choose a safe route to the sinus, such as the anteromedial or Parkinson triangle.3.

Technical Aspects of Awake Craniotomy with Mapping for Brain Tumors in a Limited Resource Setting.

BACKGROUND: Brain tumor surgery near or within eloquent regions is increasingly common and is associated with a high risk of neurologic injury. Awake craniotomy with mapping has been shown to be a valid method to preserve neurologic function and increase the extent of resection. However, the technique used varies greatly among centers. Most count on professionals such as neuropsychologists, speech therapists, neurophysiologists, or neurologists to help in intraoperative patient evaluation. We describe our technique with the sole participation of neurosurgeons and anesthesiologists. METHODS: A retrospective review of 19 patients who underwent awake craniotomies for brain tumors between January 2013 and February 2017 at a tertiary university hospital was performed. We sought to identify and describe the most critical stages involved in this surgery as well as show the complications associated with our technique. RESULTS: Preoperative preparation, positioning, anesthesia, brain mapping, resection, and management of seizures and pain were stages deemed relevant to the accomplishment of an awake craniotomy. Sixteen percent of the patients developed new postoperative deficit. Seizures occurred in 24%. None led to awake craniotomy failure. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a thorough description of the technique used in awake craniotomies with mapping used in our institution, where the intraoperative patient evaluation is carried out solely by neurosurgeons and anesthesiologists. The absence of other specialized personnel and equipment does not necessarily preclude successful mapping during awake craniotomy. We hope to provide helpful information for those who wish to offer function-guided tumor resection in their own centers.

Implementing an epilepsy surgery center. Initial experience at a university hospital in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition, often without a full and effective treatment. In some cases, surgery is beneficial, despite being underused. Our aim herein is to describe the implementation of an epilepsy surgery center in a federal university hospital, sharing the initial experience gained, as well as describing the main challenges and first results. METHODS: Experience report of an epilepsy surgery center implementation. Retrospective review of 13 drug-resistant patients who underwent surgical treatment. RESULTS: Thirteen patients underwent surgical epilepsy treatment, five patients categorized as the International League Against Epilepsy class 1, two in class 2, three in class 3, zero in class 4, and two in class 5; with a 30.76% complication rate. CONCLUSION: Despite the challenges, it was possible to implement an epilepsy surgery center with favorable results and acceptable incidence of complications, which were not higher than the incidences found in more experienced centers.

Implementing an epilepsy surgery center. Initial experience at a university hospital in Brazil / Implementação de um centro de cirurgia de epilepsia. Experiência inicial em um hospital universitário no Brasil

ABSTRACT Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition, often without a full and effective treatment. In some cases, surgery is beneficial, despite being underused. Our aim herein is to describe the implementation of an epilepsy surgery center in a federal university hospital, sharing the initial experience gained, as well as describing the main challenges and first results. Methods: Experience report of an epilepsy surgery center implementation. Retrospective review of 13 drug-resistant patients who underwent surgical treatment. Results: Thirteen patients underwent surgical epilepsy treatment, five patients categorized as the International League Against Epilepsy class 1, two in class 2, three in class 3, zero in class 4, and two in class 5; with a 30.76% complication rate. Conclusion: Despite the challenges, it was possible to implement an epilepsy surgery center with favorable results and acceptable incidence of complications, which were not higher than the incidences found in more experienced centers.

RESUMO Epilepsia é um problema neurológico sério e para o qual não há um tratamento efetivo e definitivo. Apesar de o tratamento cirúrgico ser bastante benéfico em alguns casos, ainda é subutilizado. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a implementação de um Centro de Cirurgia de Epilepsia em um Hospital Universitário Federal, divulgar a experiência inicial obtida, os principais desafios, as dificuldades e os resultados iniciais. Método: Relato da experiência na implementação do Centro de Epilepsia. Análise retrospectiva de série de treze pacientes com epilepsia resistente a medicação e que foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Resultados: Treze pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico, 5 com a Liga Internacional Contra Epilepsia classe 1, 2 com classe 3, três com classe 3, zero com classe 4 e 2 com classe 5; com uma taxa de complicação de 30, 76%. Conclusão: Apesar das dificuldades, foi possível a implementação de um Centro de Cirurgia de Epilepsia com resultados favoráveis e taxas de complicação não superiores aos centros de países desenvolvidos.

Patients' perspective on awake craniotomy for brain tumors-single center experience in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Awake craniotomy with brain mapping is the gold standard for eloquent tissue localization. Patients' tolerability and satisfaction have been shown to be high; however, it is a matter of debate whether these findings could be generalized, since patients across the globe have their own cultural backgrounds and may perceive and accept this procedure differently. METHODS: We conducted a prospective qualitative study about the perception and tolerability of awake craniotomy in a population of consecutive brain tumor patients in Brazil between January 2013 and April 2015. Seventeen patients were interviewed using a semi-structured model with open-ended questions. RESULTS: Patients' thoughts were grouped into five categories: (1) overall perception: no patient considered awake craniotomy a bad experience, and most understood the rationale behind it. They were positively surprised with the surgery; (2) memory: varied from nothing to the entire surgery; (3) negative sensations: in general, it was painless and comfortable. Remarks concerning discomfort on the operating table were made; (4) postoperative recovery: perception of the postoperative period was positive; (5) previous surgical experiences versus awake craniotomy: patients often preferred awake surgery over other surgery under general anesthesia, including craniotomies. CONCLUSIONS: Awake craniotomy for brain tumors was well tolerated and yielded high levels of satisfaction in a population of patients in Brazil. This technique should not be avoided under the pretext of compromising patients' well-being.