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1.
Eur J Public Health ; 31(4): 859-866, 2021 10 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34259859

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Adolescent alcohol consumption is a major public health concern that should be continuously monitored. This study aims (i) to analyze country-level trends in weekly alcohol consumption, drunkenness and early initiation in alcohol consumption and drunkenness among 15-year-old adolescents from 39 countries and regions across Europe and North America between 2002 and 2014 and (ii) to examine the geographical patterns in adolescent alcohol-related behaviours. METHODS: The sample was composed of 250 161 adolescents aged 15 from 39 countries and regions from Europe and North America. Survey years were 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014. The alcohol consumption and drunkenness items of the HBSC questionnaire were employed. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS: Data show a general decrease in all four alcohol variables between 2002 and 2014 except for some countries. However, there is variability both within a country (depending on the alcohol-related behaviour under study) and across countries (in the beginning and shape of trends). Some countries have not reduced or even increased their levels in some variables. Although some particularities have persisted over time, there are no robust patterns by regions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an overall decrease in adolescent alcohol consumption, special attention should be paid to those countries where declines are not present, or despite decreasing, rates are still high. Further research is needed to clarify factors associated with adolescent drinking, to better understand country specificities and to implement effective policies.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Alcoholic Intoxication , Underage Drinking , Adolescent , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Europe/epidemiology , Humans
2.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(1): 35-41, ene.-feb. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202093

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analizar las tendencias en el consumo de cerveza, vino y licores destilados, así como de los episodios de embriaguez de los chicos y chicas adolescentes en España, en 2010, 2014 y 2018, por sexo y edad. MÉTODO: La muestra está formada por 35.310 participantes de 15 a 18 años de edad representativos de la población adolescente escolarizada en España en 2010, 2014 y 2018. El cuestionario empleado fue el de consumo de alcohol y de episodios de embriaguez consensuado por el equipo internacional del estudio. Para lograr el objetivo se estimaron las razones de prevalencia y los intervalos de confianza del 95% mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. RESULTADOS: Los datos muestran un descenso global entre 2010 y 2018 en el consumo de alcohol (tanto de cerveza como de vino y licores destilados) y en los episodios de embriaguez, aunque este descenso se concentra principalmente entre 2010 y 2014. Las diferencias según el sexo (mayor consumo frecuente y episodios de embriaguez en los chicos) se observan a los 17-18 años, pero no a los 15-16 años. Respecto a la edad, el grupo de 17-18 años presenta mayores niveles que el de 15-16 años. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio confirman la importancia de realizar análisis específicos para identificar posibles grupos de riesgo que no se detectan con análisis más generales. Se destaca la necesidad de seguir trabajando en la prevención y en las políticas de control dado el riesgo de estabilización del consumo


OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in beer, wine, and distilled spirits consumption, as well as drunkenness among school-aged adolescents in Spain from 2010 to 2018 by sex and age. METHOD: The sample is composed of 35,310 adolescents aged 15 to 18. The data is representative of the adolescent school population in Spain in 2010, 2014, and 2018. The alcohol consumption questionnaire and the drunkenness questionnaire provided by the international team of the study were employed. Prevalence Ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS: the data show a general decrease in alcohol consumption (beer, wine, as well as distilled spirits) and in drunkenness, but the decrease mainly occurs between 2010 and 2014. Sex differences (higher consumption and drunkenness among boys) are found among adolescents aged 17-18 but not in the age group of 15-16 years old. Older adolescents show higher levels of consumption and drunkenness than younger adolescents. CONCLUSION: The results confirm the relevance of carrying out specific analyses in order to identify risk groups which are not detected through general analyses. This data highlights the need to maintain alcohol prevention and control policies due to the risk of stabilization in alcohol-related behaviours


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Underage Drinking/statistics & numerical data , Underage Drinking/trends , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology , Beer , Wine , Confidence Intervals , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Gac Sanit ; 35(1): 35-41, 2021.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31785892

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in beer, wine, and distilled spirits consumption, as well as drunkenness among school-aged adolescents in Spain from 2010 to 2018 by sex and age. METHOD: The sample is composed of 35,310 adolescents aged 15 to 18. The data is representative of the adolescent school population in Spain in 2010, 2014, and 2018. The alcohol consumption questionnaire and the drunkenness questionnaire provided by the international team of the study (removed for blinded review) were employed. Prevalence Ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS: the data show a general decrease in alcohol consumption (beer, wine, as well as distilled spirits) and in drunkenness, but the decrease mainly occurs between 2010 and 2014. Sex differences (higher consumption and drunkenness among boys) are found among adolescents aged 17-18 but not in the age group of 15-16 years old. Older adolescents show higher levels of consumption and drunkenness than younger adolescents. DISCUSSION: the results confirm the relevance of carrying out specific analyses in order to identify risk groups which are not detected through general analyses. This data highlights the need to maintain alcohol prevention and control policies due to the risk of stabilization in alcohol-related behaviours.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Alcoholic Intoxication , Adolescent , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcoholic Beverages , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Schools , Spain/epidemiology
4.
Adicciones ; 31(4): 289-297, 2019 Sep 01.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31017995

ABSTRACT

Smoking is the single greatest preventable cause of death in the world today. Adolescence is the developmental period during which smoking is most commonly initiated and addiction is likely to happen. The aim of this study is to examine trends in tobacco use among school-aged adolescents in Spain from 2002 to 2018 by sex and age. The sample is composed of 51,046 adolescents aged 15 to 18. Data is representative of the adolescent school population in Spain in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. The smoking questionnaire provided by the international team of the study Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) was used. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression. Data show a decrease in daily tobacco use between 2002 (26.5%) and 2018 (8.7%), but no change was found between 2006 (17.9%) and 2010 (17.4%). This decreasing pattern is stronger in girls than boys to the extent that no differences by sex were found in 2018. Similarly, the decrease was greater in older adolescents, but in this case, the differences by age remained. Daily smoking prevalence among Spanish adolescents aged 15 to 18 in 2018 is 8.7%. Results confirm the need to maintain tobacco prevention and control policies. Measures are presented in order to fight this public health problem.


El tabaco es la principal causa de muerte prevenible en todo el mundo. La adolescencia es una etapa clave en la iniciación al hábito tabáquico y en la proclividad a desarrollar adicción a esta sustancia. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo ha evolucionado el consumo de tabaco de los chicos y chicas adolescentes escolarizados en España desde 2002 a 2018 y si hay diferencias en las tendencias por sexo y por edad. La muestra está conformada por 51.046 participantes de 15 a 18 años, representativos de la población adolescente escolarizada en España en los años 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 y 2018. Se utilizó el cuestionario de consumo de tabaco consensuado por el equipo internacional del estudio Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Se estimaron las Odds Ratio y los intervalos de confianza del 95% mediante regresiones logísticas. Los resultados muestran una disminución en el consumo diario de tabaco adolescente entre 2002 (26,5%) y 2018 (8,7%) aunque con un periodo de estabilidad entre 2006 (17,9%) y 2010 (17,4%). Esta tendencia de descenso es mayor en las chicas (21,9 puntos) que en los chicos (13,1 puntos) hasta el punto de que en 2018 no hay diferencias en función del sexo. También es mayor en el grupo de 17-18 años (20,2 puntos) que en el de 15-16 años (15,8 puntos), aunque en este caso, permanecen las diferencias en función de la edad. La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco diario en adolescentes de 15 a 18 años es del 8,7% en 2018. Se concluye la conveniencia de no suprimir ni disminuir las políticas de prevención y control del tabaquismo y se proponen nuevas medidas para hacer frente al problema de salud pública que está suponiendo el consumo de tabaco en España.


Subject(s)
Smoking Prevention/methods , Smoking/epidemiology , Tobacco Products/adverse effects , Tobacco Use/trends , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Life Style , Male , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology , Tobacco Products/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use/epidemiology
5.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 31(4): 289-297, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-187333

ABSTRACT

El tabaco es la principal causa de muerte prevenible en todo el mundo. La adolescencia es una etapa clave en la iniciación al hábito tabáquico y en la proclividad a desarrollar adicción a esta sustancia. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo ha evolucionado el consumo de tabaco de los chicos y chicas adolescentes escolarizados en España desde 2002 a 2018 y si hay diferencias en las tendencias por sexo y por edad. La muestra está conformada por 51.046 participantes de 15 a 18 años, representativos de la población adolescente escolarizada en España en los años 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 y 2018. Se utilizó el cuestionario de consumo de tabaco consensuado por el equipo internacional del estudio HealthBehaviour in School-agedChildren (HBSC). Se estimaron las Odds Ratio y los intervalos de confianza del 95% mediante regresiones logísticas. Los resultados muestran una disminución en el consumo diario de tabaco adolescente entre 2002 (26,5%) y 2018 (8,7%) aunque con un periodo de estabilidad entre 2006 (17,9%) y 2010 (17,4%). Esta tendencia de descenso es mayor en las chicas (21,9 puntos) que en los chicos (13,1 puntos) hasta el punto de que en 2018 no hay diferencias en función del sexo. También es mayor en el grupo de 17-18 años (20,2 puntos) que en el de 15-16 años (15,8 puntos), aunque en este caso, permanecen las diferencias en función de la edad. La prevalencia de consumo de tabaco diario en adolescentes de 15 a 18 años es del 8,7% en 2018. Se concluye la conveniencia de no suprimir ni disminuir las políticas de prevención y control del tabaquismo y se proponen nuevas medidas para hacer frente al problema de salud pública que está suponiendo el consumo de tabaco en España


Smoking is the single greatest preventable cause of death in the world today. Adolescence is the developmental period during which smoking is most commonly initiated and addiction is likely to happen. The aim of this study is to examine trends in tobacco use among school-aged adolescents in Spain from 2002 to 2018 by sex and age. The sample is composed of 51,046 adolescents aged 15 to 18. Data is representative of the adolescent school population in Spain in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018. The smoking questionnaire provided by the international team of the study Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) was used. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression. Data show a decrease in daily tobacco use between 2002 (26.5%) and 2018 (8.7%), but no change was found between 2006 (17.9%) and 2010 (17.4%). This decreasing pattern is stronger in girls than boys to the extent that no differences by sex were found in 2018. Similarly, the decrease was greater in older adolescents, but in this case, the differences by age remained. Daily smoking prevalence among Spanish adolescents aged 15 to 18 in 2018 is 8.7%. Results confirm the need to maintain tobacco prevention and control policies. Measures are presented in order to fight this public health problem


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking Prevention/methods , Tobacco Products/adverse effects , Tobacco Use/trends , Cross-Sectional Studies , Life Style , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology , Tobacco Products/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use/epidemiology
6.
Apuntes psicol ; 22(3): 403-420, 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-143621

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se revisa el problema del alcohol en la población juvenil. Inicialmente, se presentan algunas de las características y los cambios más destacados que se suceden en la adolescencia. Posteriormente, se comentan ciertos aspectos sobre el fenómeno del alcohol en general y sobre el patrón de consumo juvenil en particular. Además, se muestran los datos más destacados, tanto nacionales como internacionales, y algunas variables implicadas en la relación entre la juventud y el alcohol. A continuación, se exponen algunas de las teorías unifactoriales que existen en la literatura sobre los orígenes y mantenimiento del alcoholismo, sugiriendo, por último, la adopción del modelo biopsicosocial, tanto para la explicación de esta cuestión como para su posible abordaje, puesto que parece ser el que más se acerca a este fenómeno y el que lo aborda desde una perspectiva global y multifactorial (AU)


This paper presents a brief review of alcohol consumption in young people. It starts with the main characteristics and changes that take place in adolescence and after that, some aspects of the alcohol culture, as well as adolescent pattern of alcohol use are comment. Later, we present some national and international data and variables that can be involved in the association between youth and alcohol. We finish showing some of the theories that can explain this behaviour and suggesting a global and comprehensive approach to this complex phenomenon (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Social Desirability , Social Behavior , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Dangerous Behavior , Risk Factors , Age and Sex Distribution , Models, Psychological
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