[Biogenic amines in epigeal spontaneous mushrooms: indicators of quality and freshness?]. / Ammine biogene in funghi epigei spontanei: possibili indi- catori di qualità e freschezza?

Purpose of the present study is to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of nine biogenic amines (BA) in 153 samples of epigeal spontaneous mushrooms (Boletus edulis and Amanita Caesarea), sampled at large and small food retail shops in the Florence area. Each BA has been identified and quantified using a liquid chromatography system with a reversed phase, C18 column and post-column derivatization with o-oftalaldeide. The results have shown a widespread presence of each amine, although with varying frequency and concentration, and an increasing concentration of tyramine and putrescine in samples with poor organoleptic quality than those in good conditions.

Reference values of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid: Italian Multicentric Study.

This article reports the results of a study, conducted in the framework of the scientific activities of the Italian Society for Reference Values, aimed at defining reference values of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in the general population not occupationally exposed to benzene. t,t-MA concentrations detected in 376 subjects of the resident population in three areas of Italy, two in central (Florence and southern Tuscany) and one in northern Italy (Padua), by three laboratories, compared by repeated interlaboratory controls, showed an interval of 14.4-225.0 microg/L (5th-95th percentile) and a geometric mean of 52.5 microg/L. The concentrations measured were influenced by tobacco smoking in a statistically significant way: Geometric mean concentrations were 44.8 microg/L and 76.1 microg/Ll in nonsmokers (264 subjects) and smokers (112 subjects), respectively. In the nonsmoking population, a significant influence of gender was found when concentrations were corrected for urinary creatinine, geometric mean concentrations being 36.7 microg/g creatinine in males (128 subjects) and 44.7 microg/g creatinine in females (136 subjects). The place of residence of subjects did not seem to influence urinary excretion of the metabolite, although personal inhalation exposure to benzene over a 24-h period showed slightly higher concentrations in Padua and Florence (geometric means of 6.5 microg/m(3) and 6.6 microg/m(3), respectively) than in southern Tuscany (geometric mean of 3.9 microg/m(3)). Concentration of t,t-MA in urine samples collected at the end of personal air sampling showed little relationship to personal inhalation exposure to benzene, confirming the importance of other factors in determining excretion of t,t-MA when concentrations in personal air samples are very low.

Comparison of health status between organic and conventional products.

This paper reports the results of two trials carried out to estimate the hygienic-sanitary status of samples obtained from organic farming in comparison with products obtained from conventional agriculture. In three years of activity were carried out analyses on samples of common or durum wheat and on processing products like. flour, bran, macaroni and bread obtained from biological and conventional method. Also samples of vegetables and fruits were analyzed. The laboratory analyses have been focalized on qualitative and quantitative evaluation of fungal contamination and surveying of pesticide residues level. The great size of collected data has not highlighted substantial differences between the two analyzed typologies. About pesticide residues levels, generally they proved to be contained under the Italian legal limit, so both these products can be considered healthy under a hygienic-sanitary profile. The trials should be extended also to other cultivations like herbs, fruit-trees and vegetables to improve our knowledge's about qualitative and hygienic differences beyond the two methods of production and defense.

Effectiveness and residues of procymidone applied on celery and fennel in the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary.

A biennial experimentation has been led using the active ingredient (a.i.) procymidone, for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary on fennel and celery. At present this utilizathion it is not authorized, even though this "minor use" is considered essential for the control of the various phytopathologies. For every test, both in field and in greenhouse, two treatments to the dose of 40 g/hl of a.i. have been made. After the second treatment two assessments were led to check effectiveness of a.i. and subsequent vegetable samplings have been made to determine the entity and the persistence of the residues of the used active ingredient. At the end of the agricultural cycle, in all the tests a good control of the infection caused by the fungus has been found; statistically significant differences of the infection between treated plots and the control. At harvesting (21 days from the 2nd treatment) we have found a residue average value of 0.1-0.2 mg/kg (field) and 0.3-0.4 mg/kg (greenhouse) on fennel and of: 1.0-1.5 mg/kg (field) e 3.0-3.5 mg/kg (greenhouse) on celery.

Natural specific radioactivity in different soils. Transfer in the soil plant food chain.

In order to warrant customer's health we must pay attention to the quality of the environment and production processes; that means look all over alimentary chain. Media speak often about this topics, because of the interest of the public opinion regarding agribusiness; Nether the less much is know about soil radioactivity, but often scant attention is directed to the knowledge of the amount what remains in food and arrives to the man who is the last and main user of the product. As a consequence of that, we have done some originals studies concerning specific radioactivity in alimentary chain: soil-plant-food. These studies have been made in relation with geopedologic position of fields in volcanic, clayey, sandy soils of Latium. We have measured radioactive activity over some alimentary chains both annual (like turnip and garden cress) and pluriannual (such as vine). We made comparisons on the same soils studying the following natural markers: K40, Pb214, and Bi214; and Cs137, one of the main natural markers.