Effects of ocean acidification and warming on the development and biochemical responses of juvenile shrimp Palaemon elegans (Rathke, 1837).

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions have led to the warming and acidification of the oceans. Although, there is a growing of evidence showing that simultaneous occurrence of ocean acidification and ocean warming are threats to marine organisms, information on their combined effect on coastal shrimp species remains scarce. The purpose of this study was to estimate the combined effects of seawater acidification and warming on growth-related traits and biochemical responses of P. elegans juveniles. In this work, shrimp were exposed for 65 days at 4 experimental conditions: pH 8.10 * 18 °C, pH 7.80 * 18 °C, pH 8.10 * 22 °C, pH 7.80 * 22 °C. The results showed that low pH decreases the lipid content by ∼13% (p < 0.05). Higher temperature reduced the condition factor by ∼11%, the protein content by ∼20%, the PUFA by ∼8,6% and shortened moulting events by 5 days (p > 0.05) while the SFA increased ∼9.4%. The decrease in condition factor and protein was however more prominent in organisms exposed to the combination of pH and temperature with a decrease of ∼13% and ∼21%, respectively. Furthermore, essential fatty acids as EPA and DHA also decreased by ∼20% and ∼6.6% in low pH and higher temperature condition. Despite this study suggest that warming may have a greater impact than acidification, it has been shown that their combined effect can exacerbate these impacts with consequences for the shrimp's body size and biochemical profile.

Homarus gammarus (Crustacea: Decapoda) larvae under an ocean acidification scenario: responses across different levels of biological organization.

The present study evaluated the effects of exposure to different target pCO2 levels: control (C: 370µatm, pH=8.15) and ocean acidification (OA: 710µatm, pH=7.85) on development and biochemical responses related with oxidative stress and energy metabolism during the crustacean Homarus gammarus (L.) larval development, integrating different levels of biological organization. After hatching in the laboratory, larvae from the same female brood were exposed to the described conditions from hatching until reaching Stage III (last larval stage - 11days). H. gammarus larvae demonstrated some susceptibility when addressing the predicted pCO2 levels for 2100. Further analysis at the biochemical and physiological level highlighted the occurrence of oxidative stress in the OA scenario (Superoxide Dismutase reduction and higher DNA damage) that was followed by developmental effects, increased inter-moult period from SII to SIII and reduced growth. The extended exposure to these conditions may affect organisms' key life-cycle functions such as physiological resistance, growth, sexual maturation, or reproduction with implications in their future fitness and population dynamics.

Harvest locations of goose barnacles can be successfully discriminated using trace elemental signatures.

European Union regulations state that consumers must be rightfully informed about the provenance of fishery products to prevent fraudulent practices. However, mislabeling of the geographical origin is a common practice. It is therefore paramount to develop forensic methods that allow all players involved in the supply chain to accurately trace the origin of seafood. In this study, trace elemental signatures (TES) of the goose barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes, collected from ten sites along the Portuguese coast, were employed to discriminate individual's origin. Barium (Ba), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorous (P), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) - were quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Significant differences were recorded among locations for all elements. A regularized discriminant analysis (RDA) revealed that 83% of all individuals were correctly assigned. This study shows TES can be a reliable tool to confirm the geographic origin of goose barnacles at fine spatial resolution. Although additional studies are required to ascertain the reliability of TES on cooked specimens and the temporal stability of the signature, the approach holds great promise for the management of goose barnacles fisheries, enforcement of conservation policies and assurance in accurate labeling.

Estudo multicêntrico do implante de stent intracoronário no Rio de Janeiro / Multicenter study of intracoronary stent implantation in Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVO: Avaliar retrospectivamente, implante de stent (IS) em paciente com doença arterial coronária (DAC), realizado em 7 hospitais do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: De junho/94 a dezembro/96, foram realizados 2.220 procedimentos, e desses, Analisados 783 IS em 660 (29,7 "por cento" pacientes, através da coronariografia sem subtraçäo digital. Os diversos tipos de stent, mais frequênte, usados foram: Palmaz-Schatz (40,9 "por cento"), Gianturco-Roubin (29,1 "por cento" ) e NIR (22,0 "por cento"). As indicaçöes para o IS foram: lesäo de novo, 67,9 "por cento"; lesäo reestenótica, 16,0 "por cento"; lesäo com resultado subótimo da angioplastia transluminal coronária (ATC), 8,2 "por cento"; oclusäo aguda ou provável pós-ATC, 4,9 "por cento"; oclusäo crônica, 3,0 "por cento". Todos os stents foram implantados com alta pressäo, sem controle pelo ultra-som intracoronário. A prevençäo da trombose subaguda, na maioria dos pacientes (87,8 "por cento", foi feita com o uso de ticlopidina e ácido acetil-salicílico. RESULTADOS: Evoluçä imediata: a) sucesso no IS em 770 lesöes: 98,0 "por cento" em 646 (97,9 "por cento") pacientes; b)sucesso clínico em 634 (96,0 "por cento") casos; c) complicaçöes maiores : infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) - 1,1 "por cento"; cirurgia de revascularizaçäo miocárdica (CRM) - 1,4 "por cento" e óbito - 0,8 "por cento"; d) complicaçöes vasculares com correçäo cirúrgico e/ou sangramento - 3,0 "por cento". Evoluçäo tardia: a) dos 399 (60,4 "por cento") pacientes acompanhados clinicamente, a coronariografia de 121 (30,3 "por cento") mostrou retorno da lesäo no IS em 79 (19,8 "por cento") casos; b) frequência de outros eventos: IAM - 1,5 "por cento"; CRM - 2,3 "por cento"; óbito - 1,0 "por cento" e outra ATC ou procedimento similar - 12,5 "por cento". CONCLUSÄO: O estudo multicêntrico mostrou que o IS na DAC pode ser realizado com segurança , alto índice de sucesso imediato, poucas complicaçöes e baixa taxa de eventos cardíacos na evolucäo tardia.