Influence of complications and extent of weight loss on quality of life after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity decreases health-related quality of life, but bariatric surgery improves it. This study evaluates the effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, postoperative complications, and percentage of excess body weight loss on quality of life. METHODS: SF-36v.1 questionnaires were administered preoperative (n = 505), 1 year (n = 237) and 2 years (n = 106) following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Analysis was performed using Student's t-test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Complications were defined as requiring additional intervention or hospitalization. SF-36 responses were normalized to 1998 US norms. RESULTS: Bariatric patients scored significantly lower on all scales compared to the normal population. Health-related quality of life notably improves after surgery. At 1 year, scores not only improved from baseline, but were higher than those of the non-obese reference population regardless of complications. Compared to patients at 2 years without complications, patients experiencing complications reported decreased scores, but scores remained higher than preoperative scores in five scales. At 1 and 2 years, < or = 50% excess body weight loss decreased scores; however, scores were significantly improved from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Health-related quality of life in bariatric patients is worse than in controls, but it improves 1 and 2 years after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Complications or < or = 50% excess body weight loss slightly decreases this improvement.

Water-soluble upper GI based on clinical findings is reliable to detect anastomotic leaks after laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Anastomotic leak after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LGB) is a major complication that must be recognized and treated early for best results. There is controversy in the literature regarding the reliability of upper GI series (UGI) in diagnosing leaks. LGB was performed in patients meeting NIH criteria for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity. All leaks identified at the time of surgery were repaired with suture and retested. Drains were placed at the surgeon's discretion. Postoperatively, UGI was performed by an experienced radiologist if there was a clinical suspicion of leak. From September 2001 until October 2004, a total of 553 patients (age 40.4 +/- 9.2 years, BMI 48.6 +/- 7.2) underwent LGB at UAB. Seventy-eight per cent (431 of 553) of patients had no clinical evidence suggesting anastomotic leak and were managed expectantly. Twenty-two per cent (122 of 553) of patients met at least one inclusion criteria for leak and underwent UGI. Four of 122 patients (3.2%) had a leak, two from anastomosis and two from the perforation of the stapled end of the Roux limb. No patient returned to the operating room without a positive UGI. High clinical suspicion and selectively performed UGI based on clinical evidence is reliable in detecting leaks.

Incidence of clinically evident deep venous thrombosis after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

BACKGROUND: Advanced age, major orthopedic surgery, neoplastic disease, prolonged operations, varicose veins, immobilization, estrogen-containing medications, and obesity are known risk factors for the development of postoperative thromboembolic complications. Perioperative heparin is useful for reducing the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), but it is associated with a discrete bleeding rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of clinically evident DVT in morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass when a pneumatic compression hose is used as the only prophylaxis against DVT instead of anticoagulants. METHODS: From April 2000 to April 2003, 380 patients underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity by one surgeon (R.H.C.). Prospectively, each patient was clinically evaluated for the presence of DVT during the postoperative period. Calf-length pneumatic compression stockings were placed before the procedure began, and remained in place until the patient was ambulatory. Ambulation was encouraged on the evening of the operation. No pharmacologic anticoagulant was used as a prophylaxis against DVT. RESULTS: Of the 380 patients, 346 were women and 34 were men with a mean age of 39.3 +/- 9.4 years (range, 14-65 years). The mean weight of these patients was 299.5 +/- 53.6 lb (range, 188-483 lb), and their mean body mass index was 48.5 +/- 6.6 (range, 36-70). The mean operative time was 103. 3 +/- 24.3 min (range, 62-227 min), and mean American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score was 2.6. Nine patients had clinical evidence of severe, chronic venous disease preoperatively. One patient (0.26%) experienced a clinically evident DVT limited to the popliteal vein on duplex ultrasonography. The clot resolved completely, as evidenced by follow-up duplex ultrasonography after 2 weeks of subcutaneously injected fractionated heparin. No clinically evident pulmonary thromboembolism occurred in this study group. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of clinically evident DVT after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is low when the procedure is accomplished with a relatively short operative time, with the initiation of calf-length pneumatic compression hose before the induction of anesthesia, and with routine early ambulation. No form of heparin anticoagulation is mandatory when these conditions can be met.