Guatemalan caregivers' perceptions of receiving and using wheelchairs donated for their children.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences, perceptions, and needs of caregivers receiving wheelchairs donated for nonambulatory children in a less-resourced country. METHODS: A phenomenological research design was used with purposeful sampling of 14 participants living in urban and rural areas of Guatemala. Data were collected primarily by interviews and supplemented with observations in natural settings, photographs, and record reviews. RESULTS: Eight themes emerged uncovering the meaning and essence of caregivers' experiences: value of the wheelchair, relief for caregivers, enhancement of child participation, wheelchair as a form of "therapy," improvement of learning opportunities, challenges to inadequate disability awareness, impact of contextual barriers, and need for community-based supports. CONCLUSION: Caregivers in this sample perceived donated wheelchairs as beneficial to themselves and to their children. Support was found for the need to provide wheelchairs in collaboration with local services to support wheelchair use.

Determinants of physical activity among a convenience sample of Puerto Rican women residing in the Northeastern United States.

The research examining determinants of physical activity among Hispanics focuses on Mexican Americans, although Puerto Ricans are the second largest Hispanic subgroup in the United States. The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing physical activity among Puerto Rican women in the urban northeastern United States. Two bilingual female investigators administered the Women and Physical Activity Survey by telephone to a convenience sample of Puerto Rican women (n = 28). Women were categorized as physically active if they performed moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day at least 5 days a week or vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes a day at least 3 days a week. Women not meeting these criteria were classified as physically inactive. Chi-squared testing revealed whether the physically active and inactive women differed among physical activity determinants. Respondents had a mean age of 36 years and were predominately college-educated (64%) and physically active (68%). More physically active women (90%) had an annual income of more than $35,000 than did the inactive women (10%) (p < 0.05). More physically active women belonged to community groups (42% versus 0%), lived in communities where people exercise (95% versus 11%), and felt their community was good for their family (100% versus 67%) than did the inactive women, respectively (p < 0.05). The physically active women reported the presence of exercise facilities (p = 0.084) and well-maintained sidewalks (p = 0.087) to be more important for exercise accessibility than did the inactive women. Annual income, sense of community, and exercise accessibility were the most important physical activity determinants in this convenience sample of Puerto Rican women. Factors influencing the physical activity levels of Puerto Rican women should continue to be explored so that targeted, culturally appropriate strategies can be developed to promote physically activity in this population.

The effect of a walking program on perceived benefits and barriers to exercise in postmenopausal African American women.

PURPOSE: Rates of exercise participation among African Americans is low. Identifying and overcoming perceived benefits/ barriers unique to African American women (AAW) may increase their exercise participation. The purpose of this study was to describe perceived benefits/barriers to exercise in AAW before and after participation in a walking program. METHOD: Thirty-five postmenopausal AAW participated in a 7-week structured walking program with 2 walking goals. Perceived benefits and barriers to exercise were assessed using the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale at the beginning and end of the program. Participants engaged in a postintervention interview to further assess benefits/barriers to exercise participation. RESULTS: Perceived benefits/barriers to exercise did not change significantly with participation in a walking program. Lack of time due to work and family responsibilities affected achievement of the brisk walking goal. CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal AAW in this study strongly believed in the benefits of exercising and had increased levels of participation in a walking program when lack of time was not a barrier. Overcoming this barrier is the true challenge to health care professionals.