[Prospects for early detection of keratoconus based on systems built for computer-assisted diagnostics of structural changes in the cornea]. / Perspektivy rannego vyyavleniya keratokonusa na osnove postroeniya sistem mashinnoi diagnostiki strukturnykh izmenenii rogovitsy.

The article is devoted to the problem of diagnosing subclinical keratoconus (KK). The need to identify early signs of KK is primarily associated with the potential for the development of iatrogenic keratoectasia in cases of underdiagnosis of the disease when determining the conditions for laser keratorefractive surgery involving a decrease in the thickness of the cornea. Today generally accepted algorithms for early computer-assisted diagnosis of KK are mainly based on the analysis of various morphometric parameters of the cornea, reflecting changes in its shape and thickness induced by structural abnormalities. Direct detection of structural changes in the cornea characteristic of early KK requires the use of high-tech imaging methods that are not always applicable in everyday clinical practice. The promising approach proposed in this study is based on the fact that a digital image of a corneal «slice¼ obtained using serial analyzers such as the Scheimpflug camera widely used in clinical practice provides indirect information about the structure of the epithelial layer, the local thickening of which takes place in the initial stages KK. It is this criterion that underlies the proposed system of computer-assisted diagnosis of KK. The carried out studies have shown the high sensitivity of this algorithm, and its specificity can be increased by involving the known diagnostic indicators of KK.

[Analysis of functionalized arene degradation pathways in model water-organic media].

The degradation of functionalized arenes exposed to a mixed culture of chemoorganoaeroheterotrophic microorganisms has been shown to predominantly occur through oxidative intradiol decyclization of the aromatic ring. The spatial structure of the catalytic center of intradiol dioxygenase and its complexes with catechol and protocatechuic acid has been characterized using quantum chemical modeling procedures. The dependence of the total energy of the enzyme-substrate complex on the length of the bond between the iron atom and the hydroxyl group of the substrate (Fe-4-OH and Fe-1-OH) before and after the separation of water and a tyrosine residue (Tyr) from the catalytic center has been demonstrated for the first time.

[Foreign bodies of appendix and caecum complicated with acute appendicitis].

Twelve patients with exogenous foreign bodies (small chicken and fish bones, portion of wire, nail, cherry stone, piece of glass) of appendix (8) or adjacent zone of caecum (4) were treated. Based on experience of treatment of these patients authors analyze pathogenesis of appendicitis associated with foreign bodies, and other aspects of this problem.

[Some aspects of venous surgery based on advanced knowledge of venous anatomy of the lower extremities]. / Nekotorye voprosy flebokhirurgii v svete uglublennykh znanii anatomii venoznogo rusla nizhnikh konechnostei.

Analysis of the errors and faults in the treatment of the main diseases of veins of the vena cava inferior system showed that they can be explained to a great extent by the uncoordinated ideas of the anatomy of the lower limb venous channel. Our experience suggested the expediency of evaluating the condition of venous circulation from the standpoint of comprehensive consideration of the vascular channel structure. The suggested scheme of the structure of the venous channel with all the collaterals and the intravenous connections is systematized and logically completed. We employed it for analysis of some up-to-date problems of the diagnosis and treatment of the most frequently encountered diseases of the lower limb venous system. Knowledge of the general and individual characteristics of the structure of the venous channel opens up new opportunities for their use in surgery and at the same time protect against unreasoned and erroneous decisions.

[Anatomo-topographic basis for operations of transposition of the superficial femoral vein in post-thrombophlebitic disease of the lower extremities]. / Anatomo-topograficheskoe obosnovanie operatsii transpozitsii poverkhnostnoi bedrennoi veny pri posttromboflebiticheskoi bolezni nizhnikh konechnostei.

Post-thrombophlebitic disease of the lower limbs may be occlusive, (2%), recanalized (54%), and mixed (44%) in character. Operations for restoration of the normal flow of blood cannot remove the retrograde flow in veins with destroyed valves. Many variants of valve restoration have been suggested. The simplest among them are transplantation of the superficial femoral vein, the lateral circumflex femoral vein, and the great saphenous vein. The anatomical structure of the lower limb venous system was studied on the corpses of humans without venous pathology. In most cases the deep femoral vein was found to have one valve (46.8%), two (30.6%), and three (12.8%) valves. Valves were found at a distance of 1.0 to 4.5 cm from the site of drainage of the deep femoral vein into the superficial vein in 48.35% of cases, 43.5% had a sufficient diameter (0.6 cm). Thus, implantation of the superficial femoral vein into the deep vein can be conducted in less than half of the patients. Study of the anatomy of the lateral circumflex femoral vein showed that the operation can be performed in 9.6% of cases. The great saphenous vein is the main route of blood drainage in post-thrombophlebitic disease. Its use as a valvular protection is very risky. It should also be taken into account that in post-thrombophlebitic disease the great saphenous vein is dilated and marked by relative venous incompetence. Though they are relatively simple, these operations, can be therefore, performed in less than half of the patients. Examination of patients should include ultrasonic angioscanning and retrograde transfemoral phlebography, which allow precise determination of the anatomical features of the lower limb venous system in each patient.

The neuroleptic activity of haloperidol increases after its solubilization in surfactant micelles. Micelles as microcontainers for drug targeting.

It has been suggested to use surfactant micelles as microcontainers for increasing the efficiency of neuroleptic targeting from blood flow into the brain. The neuroleptic action of haloperidol, intraperitoneally injected into mice in micellar solution of non-ionic block copolymer surfactant (pluronic P-85) in water, increased several-fold if compared with that observed for haloperidol aqueous solution. Incorporation of brain-specific antibodies into haloperidol-containing micelles resulted in additional drastic increase (more than by 2 orders of magnitude) in the drug effect.

[The status of the erythrocyte membranes and their functional properties in the postresuscitation period]. / Sostoianie membran éritrotsitov i ikh funktsional'nye svoistva v postreanimatsionnom periode.

It was found that the deformation properties and peroxidation resistance of erythrocytes deteriorate in the postresuscitation period. On the basis of increase of the level of lipoperoxidation products and reduction of the level of alpha-tocopherol and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups, the authors conclude that lipid peroxidation in the erythrocyte membranes is activated after resuscitation. Disorders of molecular interactions are confirmed by the kinetics of nystatin fluorescent probe insertion and revealed increased cholesterol level in the erythrocyte membranes. It is suggested that the increase of the cholesterol level occurring as a protective response to the activation of lipid peroxidation transforms into a pathological reaction causing disorders of the deformation properties and peroxide resistance, which accelerates considerably the natural death of the erythrocytes after resuscitation.

[Hypophyseal-thyroid system function of animals in the early periods after tumor transplantation]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie gipofiz-tireoidnoi sistemy zhivotnykh v rannie sroki posle perevivki opukholi.

The signs of disintegration of hypophyseal-thyroid system function with predominant iodine uptake by thyroid gland cells are detected in the animals during the first 3 days after sarcoma M-1 inoculation. Dissimilar changes in magnesium ion levels are seen in the peripheral blood plasma and thyroid tissue homogenate of the animals with inoculated tumor and injected with non-specific antigenic stimulant.