[Chromosomal changes in patients with acute dysentery and their relation to immunologic shifts]. / Izmeneniia khromosom u bol'nykh ostroi dizenteriei i ikh sviaz' s immunologicheskimi sdvigami.

The correlation between the dynamics of the occurrence of the class of lymphocytes without chromosomal associations and with two associating acrocentric chromosomes (CL0 + 2) and the course of the disease, as well as the development of immunity in patients with acute dysentery, has been detected. The positive correlation between the occurrence of CL0 + 2 and cell-mediated immunity reactions presupposes the possibility of using this cytogenetic characteristic for evaluating the cell-mediated immunoreactivity of lymphocytes. No essential changes in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes have been found to occur at all periods of observation.

[Epidemiological and immunological criteria of the effectiveness of immunization with adsorbed DPT vaccine by the old and new schedules]. / Epidemiologicheskie i immunologicheskie kriterii éffektivnosti immunizatsii AKDS-vaktsinoi po staromu i novomu kalendariam.

The study revealed that the immunization of children with adsorbed DPT vaccine from the age of 3-4 months, as compared with the immunization of children from the age of 5-6 months, did not lead to an essential increase in the coverage of children with immunization at the period under study (1970-1983) and did not affect the total level of pertussis morbidity, as well as the proportion of children aged up to 1 year in the total number of pertussis cases. Children immunized at an early age produced antibodies in titers, equivalent to the titers in older children, but their immunity against pertussis, in contrast to their immunity against diphtheria and tetanus, was retained for a shorter period. The injection of adsorbed DPT vaccine at the age of 3-4 months was accompanied by a poorly pronounced increase in the content of IgG, the predominant synthesis of IgM and the suppression of the synthesis of IgA. The shift of the start of vaccination to the age of 3-4 months has probably some immunological grounds for diphtheria and tetanus, but it is premature with respect to pertussis.

[Cytogenetic and immunological methods of evaluating the infectious and vaccinal processes in exposure to the mumps virus]. / Otsenka tsitogeneticheskimi i immunologicheskimi metodami infektsionnogo i vaktsinal'nogo protsessov pri vozdeistvii virusa parotita.

Chromosomal changes in T-lymphocytes of the peripheral blood reflect their participation in immune responses. In particular, the level of the associative index of acrocentric chromosomes (AIAC) depends upon their proliferative activity in response to antigens and migration in the host. The degree of cytogenetic and serological changes in patients with mumps was higher than in children of the other groups examined. A relationship was found between the level of AIAC in T-lymphocytes and a rise in the antihemagglutinin titres at the expense of changes in the portion of T-lymphocytes with 0 and 2 chromosomes in associations, some of them being activated with mumps virus antigens. The correlation between AIAC and the lymphocyte blast-transformation reaction to phytohemagglutinins was variable in different groups of children and absent between AIAC and the amount of serum immunologlobulins. In combination with other immunological methods AIAC in T-lymphocytes of the blood may be used for characterization of the immune response.

The mechanism of group differences in the character of the vaccinal process in immunization against natural smallpox.

The effect of antigenic polymorphism of the ABO-system blood groups on the character of the vaccinal process after immunization against natural smallpox was investigated. The increased susceptibility of persons possessing A antigen to the harmful effect of smallpox vaccine virus is due to hereditary rather than to acquired factors. The leukocytes of peripheral blood of these persons showed a poorer binding capacity with respect to the smallpoxvaccine virus; they also exhibited a high rate of chromosomal aberration after vaccination, resulting to some extent from increased proliferative ability of the cells.

[Connection between the group factors of the blood systems ABO, MNSs, and rhesus and peculiarities of the vaccination process in children immunized against smallpox]. / Sviaz' gruppovykh faktorov krovi sistemy ABO, MNSs, i rezus s osobennostiami vaktsinal'nogo protsessa u detei, immunizirovannykh protiv ospy

The ahthors present new data on the character of the vaccine process in children associated with the characteristics of the blood group ABO, MNSs and Rh systems. The greater frequency of occurrence and more manifest reactions were noted in children with blood groups A, B, AB, M and Rho (D) - in comparison with those having blood groups O, Rho (D) +, MN and N. There was a significant prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in the primarily immunized children with blood groups A in comparison with groups O, B and AB. The data obtained pointed to the negative effect of the mimi-rating antigens of the smallpox virus on the immunogenesis in smallpox. Search for methods of releasing the vaccine of these antigens is necessary for reduction of the reactogenic properties and increase of immunogenecity of the smallpox vaccines.

[Frequency of acrocentric chromosomal associations in children immunized with smallpox vaccine]. / Chastota assotsiatsii akrotsentricheskikh khromosom u detei, immunizirovannykh ospovaktsinnoi

The frequency of associations of acrocentric chromosomes (AAC) diminished on the 7th day after vaccination in children primary vaccinated, primary revaccinated and secondary revaccinated against smallpox. This decrease reached its maximum by the 30th day and returned to its starting point after 6th months after vaccination. The degree of reduction of the frequency of AAC in every immunized children group correlated with the degree of increasing of antihemagglutinin titre. The relation of the number of group D chromosomes involved in AAC to the number of group G chromosomes varied in various individuals, these variations remaining after immunization. It was supposed that in PHA-stimulated lymphocyte cultures the degree of reduction of AAC frequency after vaccination against smallpox is a cytochemical marker of proliferation intensity of T-lymphocytes induced for immunopoiesis.

[Cytogenetic characteristics of the vaccination process in children, primarily vaccinated against smallpox]. / Tsitogeneticheskaia kharakteristika vaktsinal'nogo protsessa u detei, pervichno privitykh protiv ospy

An increased rate of chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed in children between 1 and 21/2 years of age beginning at 4 days after vaccination. The number of aneuploid cells and chromosome aberrations increased for 1 month but were not found 6 months after vaccination. Administration of measles gamma-globulin in a dose of 0.75 ml before vaccination did not influence significantly the frequency of chromosome aberrations. A direct correlation was observed between the height of the immune response and the rate of chromosome aberrations. The observed changes in the chromosomal apparatus are not specific for the effect of vaccinia virus but indicate sterotypic reaction of the macroorganism in response to an alien antigen.