Adults at risk of pneumococcal disease in France.

BACKGROUND: Immunocompromised patients and those with certain underlying medical conditions are at risk of pneumococcal disease, but in France their vaccine coverage is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the number of adult patients eligible for pneumococcal vaccination in France. METHODS: We conducted an annual cross-sectional study based on retrospective data from the French National Health Data System. Over 2014-2018, we included all adults continuously affiliated to the General health insurance scheme (covering 76% of the population), at risk of pneumococcal disease. Patients were identified with published or newly developed algorithms using diagnoses and reimbursements for hospital stays, medical procedures, and specific treatments, laboratory tests, or medical devices. RESULTS: On January 1, 2018, we identified 4,045,021 at-risk patients (11% increase since 2014). Mean age was 66.1years (55.1% were aged≥65), 51% were men, and 18% had at least two conditions. Of these, 3,634,594 had a chronic medical condition (including 2,617,921 patients treated for diabetes, 616,003 for chronic respiratory disease, 424,223 for heart failure, and 285,214 for chronic liver disease) and 570,035 were immunocompromised (of these, 191,527 were treated with immunosuppressive drugs or biotherapy, 152,255 with chemotherapy for cancer, and 100,604 for HIV). CONCLUSION: These published or newly developed algorithms - which can be used to address other public health issues - identified more than 4 million adults eligible for pneumococcal vaccination in the main health insurance scheme (10% of the studied adult population). This is a first step towards ensuring patients get vaccinated as part of their chronic condition management.

Future carbon beams at SPIRAL1 facility: which method is the most efficient?

Compared to in-flight facilities, Isotope Separator On-Line ones can in principle produce significantly higher radioactive ion beam intensities. On the other hand, they have to cope with delays for the release and ionization which make the production of short-lived isotopes ion beams of reactive and refractory elements particularly difficult. Many efforts are focused on extending the capabilities of ISOL facilities to those challenging beams. In this context, the development of carbon beams is triggering interest [H. Frånberg, M. Ammann, H. W. Gäggeler, and U. Köster, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 03A708 (2006); M. Kronberger, A. Gottberg, T. M. Mendonca, J. P. Ramos, C. Seiffert, P. Suominen, and T. Stora, in Proceedings of the EMIS 2012 [Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B Production of molecular sideband radioisotope beams at CERN-ISOLDE using a Helicon-type plasma ion source (to be published)]: despite its refractory nature, radioactive carbon beams can be produced from molecules (CO or CO2), which can subsequently be broken up and multi-ionized to the required charge state in charge breeders or ECR sources. This contribution will present results of experiments conducted at LPSC with the Phoenix charge breeder and at GANIL with the Nanogan ECR ion source for the ionization of carbon beams in the frame of the ENSAR and EMILIE projects. Carbon is to date the lightest condensable element charge bred with an ECR ion source. Charge breeding efficiencies will be compared with those obtained using Nanogan ECRIS and charge breeding times will be presented as well.

Status of the ion sources developments for the Spiral2 project at GANIL.

The SPIRAL 2 facility is now under construction and will deliver either stable or radioactive ion beams. First tests of nickel beam production have been performed at GANIL with a new version of the large capacity oven, and a calcium beam has been produced on the heavy ion low energy beam transport line of SPIRAL 2, installed at LPSC Grenoble. For the production of radioactive beams, several target∕ion-source systems (TISSs) are under development at GANIL as the 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source, the surface ionization source, and the oven prototype for heating the uranium carbide target up to 2000 °C. The existing test bench has been upgraded for these developments and a new one, dedicated for the validation of the TISS before mounting in the production module, is under design. Results and current status of these activities are presented.

Latest developments at GANIL for stable and radioactive ion beam production.

In the frame of the SPIRAL II (Système de Production d'Ions Radioactifs Accélérés en Ligne Partie II) project, several developments of stable and radioactive ion production systems have been started up. In parallel, GANIL has the ambition to preserve the existing stable and radioactive beams and also to increase its range by offering new ones. In order to identify the best directions for this development, a new group called GANISOL has been formed. Its preliminary conclusions and the latest developments at GANIL are presented.

Status report of stable and radioactive ion beam production at GANIL.

GANIL has been producing many stable and radioactive ion beams for nearly 25 years. Constant progresses have been made in terms of intensity, stability, and reliability. The intensity for some stable metallic beams now exceeds or approaches the p microA level at an energy up to 95 MeV/u, e.g., 1.14 p microA for (36)S (65% enriched) at 77 MeV/u, 0.35 p microA for (58)Ni (63% enriched) at 74 MeV/u. Some recent results with Magnesocene using the metallic ions from volatile compounds method should also make possible the production of metallic beams with an intensity greater than 1 p microA. This has still to be measured. The ISOL facility SPIRAL I has been in operation for almost six years. Up to now, 17 exotic He experiments have been done with 14 target/ion-source (TIS) units; 19 other experiments (with O, Ne, Ar, and Kr) have been achieved with 14 TISs. Statistics show a fairly good ratio of available beam time to scheduled beam time. The radioactive beams and available intensities are compiled in this report. Future developments on radioactive ion beam production are briefly presented, while more details will be discussed elsewhere at this conference.