[Spontaneous renal bleeding in a dialysis patient with acquired cystic disease of the kidney: case report and review of the literature]. / Emorragia renale spontanea in paziente in emodialisi per nefropatia cistica acquisita: descrizione di un caso e revisione della letteratura.

The aim of this paper is to describe a rare clinical case of spontaneous haemorrhagic rupture of a multicystic kidney in a patient on haemodialysis for acquired cystic disease. We also discuss current issues about the management of this rare condition, with a short review of the literature.

Cholecystitis during pregnancy. A case report and brief review of the literature.

Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. A gallstone usually causes the obstruction (calculus cholecystitis). However, in some cases the obstruction may be acalculous or caused by sludge. The clinical course of biliary sludge varies, from complete resolution to gallbladder obstruction. This obstruction can result in gallbladder distension and acute cholecystitis. When inflammation occurs it could either be aseptic or bacterial. Biliary disease during pregnancy is relatively rare and occurs mainly during the last trimester. Whether women who are pregnant or have multiple pregnancies are more likely to develop stones or whether they are simply more symptomatic with stones is unknown. We present a 33-year-old obese pregnant woman with fever, moderately elevated bile acids, and leukocytosis in the 28th week of pregnancy. Since need for surgery in these cases is controversial, the patient has been treated conservatively. In our case cholecystitis responded very well to treatment with amoxicillin, with no detrimental effects for mother and child. A healthy child was born at term. In the differential diagnosis of liver function abnormalities during pregnancy, cholelithiasis should be included.

Prevalence of urolithiasis in rural Thebes, Greece.

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, urolithiasis is the third most common urological disease affecting both males and females. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to stone formation. The recurrence rate is approximately 50%, rising to 70% within 10 years and this condition represents a significant healthcare cost burden. An unusually frequent history of urolithiasis has been observed among patients from the rural area of Thebes, Viotia, Greece. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of urolithiasis in Thebes. METHODS: A representative sample of persons from the rural area of Thebes was questioned about the occurrence of urinary stones during their lifetime, and acute urolithiasis in 2005. A logistic regression model was used to contrast individuals with lithiasis to those without lithiasis. RESULTS: A total of 422 subjects participated in the study. We found a 15% prevalence of urolithiasis in the rural population of Thebes. The rate was slightly higher in men than in women in almost all age groups questioned, although this was not statistically significant. No case of urolithiasis was found in subjects under the age of 17 years. The prevalence of urolithiasis appeared to increase with age in both men and women. Those drinking bottled water were less likely to have lithiasis. CONCLUSION: The life time prevalence rate of urolithiasis observed in the rural area of Thebes was higher to that reported in other studies performed among males and females in the general population of Europe.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: presentation of two patients with unusual affect of terminal ileum and caecum with manifestations of acute abdomen and literature review.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease; the long-term personal history with digestive symptoms and the course of the disease with relapses and remissions is the key for the disease to be suspected. Endoscopy, CT scan and sonographic studies may provide important indirect signs of the disease and in combination with histological examination the diagnosis can be achieved. The administration of corticosteroids is an important factor for the treatment or the remission of the disease. In this study two cases with unusual location of the disease, on the terminal ileum and caecum, are presented and a literature review is attempted. The disease process, clinical and laboratory findings as well as the surgical approach used are described. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a very rare disease with its surgical complications. The disease is a non-surgical disease, thus presurgical diagnosis is important because the entity discussed can be under control by conservative treatment. A high disease suspicious index must be kept in the physicians' mind.