ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: 2021 marks the tenth anniversary of the AMNOG process and brought with it a new German administration-two good reasons to take stock of where we stand today, what has been achieved so far, and how the path of early benefit assessments in Germany should continue. RESULTS: From the perspective of manufacturers of cancer drugs, the AMNOG process, as a constantly evolving system, has for the most part proved itself-which does not mean that there is no longer room for improvement. Significant improvements have been achieved in the area of early consultation of medical societies regarding the selection of the appropriate comparator therapy as well as in the reimbursement of biomarker diagnostic tests in the outpatient sector. However, there is still a need for improvement, especially in the areas of patient-relevant outcomes accepted by the G-BA, the inclusion of real-world data in evidence assessments, or the transfer of evidence from certain patient groups to others. CONCLUSION: The current AMNOG structures were developed for the most part at a time when no one saw immuno-oncology or gene and cell therapies coming, when there were no multi-tumor drug approvals, and when few imagined that within a few years, the established tumor entities would be broken down into dozens of sub-entities on the basis of molecular genetic markers. Society wants these and other advances, and the HTA process must, therefore, take this into account in a healthcare system based on solidarity.
Subject(s)
Drug Approval , Neoplasms , Humans , Neoplasms/therapy , Delivery of Health Care , Treatment Outcome , GermanyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Surveys in German speaking countries identified motives for choosing assisted living, but their importance in the context of decision making remains unclear. AIM: This study aimed to identify types of attitudes towards assisted living among older persons in Austria that result from the interplay of single motives. METHOD: A comparative qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conduCted in the land Salzburg among residents of assisted living facilities and home dwelling older adults. Data were analysed by using qualitative content analysis according to Mayring and subsequent construction of types. RESULTS: Among residents types of attitudes were "proactive users" who expected more safety or comfort and persons who "moved m due to external circumstances" like taking the opportunity of available place or feeling forced by functional/imitations or be ing influenced by significant others. Types of attitudes among home dwelling older persons were "conditional acceptance';"rejection" and ;'indecisiveness':Vague ideas about assisted living often prevented an informed decision. CONCLUSION: Choice of assisted living only depends to some extent on specific expectations. Better information,advice by significant others and availability of a place may favour a decision to move in.
