ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: /Purpose: Reactivity at the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar is a pathognomonic feature of Kawasaki disease (KD). However, its value in predicting KD outcomes has not been emphasized. This study explored the clinical significance of BCG scar redness with respect to coronary artery outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective study collected data on children with KD from 13 hospitals in Taiwan during 2019-2021. Children with KD were categorized into four groups based on the KD type and BCG scar reactivity. Risk factors of coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) were analyzed in all groups. RESULTS: BCG scar redness occurred in 49% of 388 children with KD. BCG scar redness was associated with younger age, early intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, hypoalbuminemia, and CAA at the first echocardiogram (p < 0.01). BCG scar redness (RR 0.56) and pyuria (RR 2.61) were independent predictors of any CAA within 1 month (p < 0.05). Moreover, pyuria (RR 5.85, p < 0.05) in children with complete KD plus BCG scar redness was associated with CAA at 2-3 months; first IVIG resistance (RR 15.2) and neutrophil levels ≥80% (RR 8.37) in children with complete KD plus BCG scar non-redness were associated with CAA at 2-3 months (p < 0.05). We failed to detect any significant risk factors of CAA at 2-3 months in children with incomplete KD. CONCLUSION: BCG scar reactivity contributes to diverse clinical features in KD. It can be effectively applied to determine the risk factors of any CAA within 1 month and CAA at 2-3 months.
Subject(s)
BCG Vaccine , Coronary Artery Disease , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome , Pyuria , Child , Humans , Infant , BCG Vaccine/adverse effects , Cicatrix/complications , Cicatrix/drug therapy , Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Pyuria/complications , Pyuria/drug therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The diagnostic and therapeutic benefits of a commercial water-soluble contrast agent (Gastrografin) in pediatric patients with adhesive small-bowel obstruction (ASBO) are controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic value of Gastrografin in the management of ASBO in children after unsuccessful conservative treatment. METHODS: Medical records from patients with uncomplicated ASBO managed at Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan between January 1996 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. All children ≤18 years of age with clinical evidence of ASBO were managed conservative treatment, unless there was suspicion of strangulation. Patients who did not improve after 48 hours of conservative treatment were administered Gastrografin. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients with 33 episodes of ASBO were analyzed. Of those, there were 19 episodes of ASBO that failed to respond to the initial conservative management, and 16 (84%) responded well to Gastrografin administration thereby abrogating the need for surgical intervention. There were neither complications nor mortality that could be attributed to the use of Gastrografin. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study suggested that the use of a water-soluble contrast agent in ASBO is safe in children and useful for managing ASBO, particularly in reducing the need for surgery when conservative treatment fails. However, larger prospective studies would be needed to confirm these results.
Subject(s)
Contrast Media/therapeutic use , Diatrizoate Meglumine/therapeutic use , Intestinal Obstruction/drug therapy , Intestine, Small , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Male , Retrospective Studies , Tissue Adhesions/complications , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of conservative treatment for adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) in children. DESIGN: Systematic review of studies involved children with ASBO who received initial conservative/non-operative treatment. SETTING: The search was performed in April 2013 using PubMed (see online supplementary file 1), current contents, and the Cochrane database. PARTICIPANTS: Children with ASBO. INTERVENTIONS: Conservative treatment included nasogastric decompression, parenteral fluids and correction of electrolyte and fluid imbalance. PRIMARY OUTCOME: Treatment success. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Length of hospital stay and the time to first feeding after hospital admission. RESULTS: 7 studies (six retrospective, one prospective), involving 8-109 patients (age: 1 month to 16 years) treated conservatively, were included in the review. The nature of conservative treatment was generally consistent between studies (nasogastric decompression, parenteral fluids and correction of electrolyte and fluid imbalance), although patients in one study also received Gastrografin. The rate of conservative treatment success ranged from 16% to 75% among the five studies, but one trial showed 0% successful rate. The hospital length of stay ranged from 3 to 6.5 days for conservative treatment (vs 10.2-13 days for operative treatment). The time to first feeding ranged from 31 to 84 h for conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, in the majority of cases, conservative treatment is an effective means of managing ASBO in children.
