A Pop from a Shock: A Case Report of an Unusual Cause of Achilles Tendon Rupture.

INTRODUCTION: Achilles tendon ruptures often occur during physical activity where the tendon is frequently stressed. Although rare, rupture can also result from electric shock. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 63-year-old female who presented with pain in the lower leg after enduring an electric shock. She was diagnosed with a ruptured Achilles tendon based on physical exam and ultrasound. CONCLUSION: This case highlights an uncommon mechanism for a relatively common injury. Because Achilles tendon ruptures are frequently misdiagnosed, clinicians need to be aware of unusual causes and use tools at their disposal to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis.

A Culinary Misadventure: A Case Report of Shiitake Dermatitis.

Shiitake dermatitis is a rare cutaneous reaction that can occur after consumption of shiitake mushrooms. It is characterized by highly pruritic lesions with a distinct whip lash appearance. Management of this condition includes reassurance and providing symptomatic relief. Although most reported cases have occurred in Asia, this rash has made appearances in the Western world. Here, we report a case of a 23-year-old female in the United States who experienced this itchy ailment. A diagnosis was made based on the presence of the recognizable lesions and dietary history. She was discharged with advice to continue symptomatic care and given reassurance about her condition. Her symptoms resolved within a few weeks. As the use of shiitake mushrooms become more widespread, it is important for clinicians to be familiar with this rash and remember to take a detailed dietary history. Topics: Rash, dermatology, toxicology, shiitake mushrooms.

Evidence of an increased pathogenic footprint in the lingual microbiome of untreated HIV infected patients.

BACKGROUND: Opportunistic oral infections can be found in over 80% of HIV + patients, often causing debilitating lesions that also contribute to deterioration in nutritional health. Although appreciation for the role that the microbiota is likely to play in the initiation and/or enhancement of oral infections has grown considerably in recent years, little is known about the impact of HIV infection on host-microbe interactions within the oral cavity. In the current study, we characterize modulations in the bacterial composition of the lingual microbiome in patients with treated and untreated HIV infection. Bacterial species profiles were elucidated by microarray assay and compared between untreated HIV infected patients, HIV infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, and healthy HIV negative controls. The relationship between clinical parameters (viral burden and CD4+ T cell depletion) and the loss or gain of bacterial species was evaluated in each HIV patient group. RESULTS: In untreated HIV infection, elevated viremia was associated with significantly higher proportions of potentially pathogenic Veillonella, Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Campylobacter species in the lingual microbiome than observed in healthy controls. The upsurge in the prevalence of potential pathogens was juxtaposed by diminished representation of commensal Streptococcus and Veillonella species. Colonization of Neisseria flavescens was lower in the lingual microbiome of HIV infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy than in uninfected controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide novel insights into the potential impact of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on the community structure of the oral microbiome, and implicate potential mechanisms that may increase the capacity of non-commensal species to gain a stronger foothold.

Seizure-related cardiac repolarization abnormalities are associated with ictal hypoxemia.

PURPOSE: Cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory disturbances have been proposed as likely causes for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Oxygen desaturation occurs in one-third of patients with localization-related epilepsy (LRE) undergoing inpatient video-electroencephalography (EEG) telemetry (VET) as part of their presurgical workup. Ictal-related oxygen desaturation is accompanied by hypercapnia. Both abnormal lengthening and shortening of the corrected QT interval (QTc) on electrocardiography (ECG) have been reported with seizures. QTc abnormalities are associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. We hypothesized that there may be an association between ictal hypoxemia and cardiac repolarization abnormalities. METHODS: VET data from patients with refractory LRE were analyzed. Consecutive patients having at least one seizure with accompanying oxygen desaturation below 90% and artifact-free ECG data were selected. ECG during the 1 min prior to seizure onset (PRE) and during the ictal/postictal period with accompanying oxygen desaturation below 90% (DESAT) was analyzed. Consecutive QT and RR intervals were measured. In the same patients, DESAT seizures were compared with seizures without accompanying oxygen desaturation below 90% (NODESAT). For NODESAT seizures, QT and RR intervals for 2 min after seizure onset were measured. KEY FINDINGS: Thirty-seven DESAT seizures were analyzed in 17 patients with localization-related epilepsy. A total of 2,448 QT and RR intervals were analyzed during PRE. During DESAT, 1,554 QT and RR intervals were analyzed. Twelve of the 17 patients had at least one NODESAT seizure. A total of 19 NODESAT seizures were analyzed, including 1,558 QT and RR intervals during PRE and 3,408 QT and RR intervals during NODESAT. The odds ratio for an abnormally prolonged (>457 ms) QTcH (Hodges correction method) during DESAT relative to PRE was 10.64 (p < 0.0001). The odds ratio for an abnormally shortened (<372 ms) QTcH during DESAT relative to PRE was 1.65 (p < 0.0001). Seizure-related shortening and prolongation of QTc during DESAT were also observed when Fridericia correction of the QT was applied. During DESAT seizures, the mean range of QT values (QTr) (61.14 ms) was significantly different from that during PRE (44.43 ms) (p = 0.01). There was a significant association between DESAT QTr and oxygen saturation nadir (p = 0.025) and between DESAT QTr and duration of oxygen desaturation (p < 0.0001). Both QTcH prolongation and shortening also occurred with NODESAT seizures. A seizure-associated prolonged QTcH was more likely during DESAT than NODESAT, with an odds ratio of 4.30 (p < 0.0001). A seizure-associated shortened QTcH was more likely during DESAT than NODESAT with an odds ratio of 2.13 (p < 0.0001). SIGNIFICANCE: We have shown that the likelihood of abnormal QTcH prolongation is increased 4.3-fold with seizures that are associated with oxygen desaturation when compared with seizures that are not accompanied with oxygen desaturation. The likelihood of abnormally shortened QTcH increases with seizures that are accompanied by oxygen desaturation with an odds ratio of 2.13 compared with that in seizures without desaturations. There is a significant association between the depth and duration of oxygen desaturation and QTr increase. These findings may be related to the pathophysiology of SUDEP.