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1.
J Infect Chemother ; 11(3): 146-51, 2005 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15990979

ABSTRACT

How to reduce the occurrence of food-borne illness has always been one issue of great importance in Taiwan's disease prevention and control efforts, and it is important to determine, from survey results, whether the pathogens in Taiwan are the same or different from those in other countries. Accordingly, data on 1171 food-borne illness outbreaks were collected from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) of the Department of Health in Taiwan. The patients and the cases were numbered according to the guidelines and definition of food poisoning given by the Department of Health in Taiwan. All rectal swabs for culture were collected from the CDC. During 1995 to 2001, 1171 outbreaks of food-borne illness, including 109,884 cases, were reported in northern Taiwan, of which 735 (62.8%) were caused by bacterial infection. Bacterial pathogens, particularly Vibrio parahaemolyticus (86.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.6%), and Salmonella spp. (4.9%) were the main etiologic agents. The responsible pathogens in Taiwan appeared to be quite different from those in Europe and the United States. It is important to establish a unique surveillance net of our own to prevent and control our situation of food-borne disease outbreaks effectively.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Foodborne Diseases/microbiology , Humans , Salmonella , Staphylococcus aureus , Taiwan/epidemiology , Vibrio parahaemolyticus
2.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 46(11): 3580-4, 2002 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12384368

ABSTRACT

The MICs of six fluoroquinolones as well as minocycline and cefotaxime for 46 clinical isolates of Vibrio vulnificus were determined by the agar dilution method. All the drugs tested had good activities against all isolates, with the MICs at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC(90)s) by five of the fluoroquinolones ranging between 0.03 and 0.06 micro g/ml. The MIC(90) of lomefloxacin, on the other hand, was 0.12 micro g/ml. Time-kill studies were conducted with these agents and a clinical strain of V. vulnificus, VV5823. When approximately 5 x 10(5) CFU of V. vulnificus/ml was incubated with any one of the above-mentioned six fluoroquinolones at concentrations of two times the MIC, there was an inhibitory effect on V. vulnificus that persisted for more than 48 h with no noted regrowth. The efficacies of the fluoroquinolones were further evaluated in vivo in the mouse model of experimental V. vulnificus infection and compared to the efficacy of a combination therapy using cefotaxime plus minocycline. With an inoculum of 1.5 x 10(7) CFU, 28 (87.5%) of 32 mice in the cefotaxime-minocycline-treated group survived and 29 (91%) of the 32 mice in the moxifloxacin-treated group survived while none of the 32 mice in the control group did. With an inoculum of 3.5 x 10(7) CFU, the difference in survival rates among groups of 15 mice treated with levofloxacin (13 of 15), moxifloxacin (10 of 15), gatifloxacin (10 of 15), sparfloxacin (11 of 15), ciprofloxacin (12 of 15), or lomefloxacin (10 of 15) was not statistically significant while none of the 15 mice treated with saline survived. We concluded that the newer fluoroquinolones as single agents are as effective as the cefotaxime-minocycline combination in inhibiting V. vulnificus both in vitro and in vivo.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Vibrio vulnificus/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Cefotaxime/pharmacology , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Colony Count, Microbial , Fluoroquinolones , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Minocycline/pharmacology , Survival Analysis , Time Factors , Vibrio Infections/drug therapy , Vibrio Infections/microbiology , Vibrio vulnificus/growth & development
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