ABSTRACT
Alcohol consumption is a possible co-factor of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) persistence, a major step in cervical carcinogenesis, but the association between alcohol and continuous HPV infection remains unclear. This prospective study identified the association between alcohol consumption and HR-HPV persistence. Overall, 9230 women who underwent screening during 2002-2011 at the National Cancer Center, Korea were analysed in multivariate logistic regression. Current drinkers [odds ratio (OR) 2·49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·32-4·71] and drinkers for ⩾5 years (OR 2·33, 95% CI 1·17-4·63) had a higher risk of 2-year HR-HPV persistence (HPV positivity for 3 consecutive years) than non-drinkers and drinkers for <5 years, respectively (vs. HPV negativity for 3 consecutive years). A high drinking frequency (⩾twice/week) and a high beer intake (⩾3 glasses/occasion) had higher risks of 1-year (OR 1·80, 95% CI 1·01-3·36) HPV positivity for 2 consecutive years) and 2-year HR-HPV persistence (OR 3·62, 95% CI 1·35-9·75) than non-drinkers. Of the HPV-positive subjects enrolled, drinking habit (OR 2·68, 95% CI 1·10-6·51) and high consumption of beer or soju (⩾2 glasses/occasion; OR 2·90, 95% CI 1·06-7·98) increased the risk of 2-year consecutive or alternate HR-HPV positivity (vs. consecutive HPV negativity). These findings suggest that alcohol consumption might increase the risk of cervical HR-HPV persistence in Korean women.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Papillomaviridae/physiology , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Incidence , Logistic Models , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Prospective Studies , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To find a more accurate and predictable method for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in eyes after refractive surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS: The accuracy of the following methods for calculating IOL power in 132 eyes after PRK or LASIK was compared: manual keratometry, hard contact lens, refraction-derived keratometry at the corneal plane, and the refraction-derived keratometry at the spectacle plane. Based on this comparison, the IOL power was calculated in the 2 eyes of a patient using refraction-derived keratometry at the spectacle plane with the SRK II formula. Cataract surgery with IOL implantation was then performed. RESULTS: The largest corneal power values were obtained using a manual keratometer and the smallest using refraction-derived keratometry at the spectacle plane (P <.001). In the patient having cataract surgery with IOL implantation, near target refraction was achieved with minimal error in IOL power. CONCLUSIONS: If the corneal power is known before refractive surgery, the use of the smallest value of those obtained using refraction-derived keratometry and the hard contact lens method is recommended. However, if the corneal power before refractive surgery is unknown, the use of the hard contact lens method is recommended.
Subject(s)
Cornea/physiopathology , Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ , Lenses, Intraocular , Photorefractive Keratectomy , Refractive Errors/physiopathology , Refractive Surgical Procedures , Adult , Humans , Lasers, Excimer , Male , Ophthalmology/instrumentation , Ophthalmology/methods , Postoperative Period , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Serotonin syndrome is an uncommon, serious adverse reaction that is usually associated with the interaction of two or more serotonergic agents. A 12-year-old boy receiving sertraline developed the syndrome after erythromycin was added to his regimen. The proposed mechanism involves erythromycin inactivation of cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition of sertraline metabolism, accumulation of the drug, and precipitation of the syndrome. It is important for clinicians to consider both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions to minimize the risk of the reaction.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Erythromycin/adverse effects , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/adverse effects , Serotonin Syndrome/chemically induced , Sertraline/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Erythromycin/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/drug therapy , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Sertraline/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Seizure disorders can produce anxiety that is almost indistinguishable from psychiatric disorders. There are few reports of adolescents with seizure disorders that produce fear. The first case of an adolescent female who presented with panic disorder and agoraphobia which was a consequence of seizure activity is reported. Careful diagnostic evaluation and correlation with video electroencephalography were important in distinguishing seizure activity from panic disorder.
Subject(s)
Agoraphobia/etiology , Anxiety/etiology , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/complications , Panic Disorder/etiology , Adolescent , Agoraphobia/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Panic Disorder/diagnosisABSTRACT
We report 7 children who received gabapentin (GBP) as adjunctive medic ation and subsequently developed behavioral side effects. These behavioral changes consisted of intensification of baseline behaviors as well as new behavioral problems. Behaviors that parents considered most troublesome were tantrums, aggression directed toward others, hyperactivity, and defiance. All behavioral changes were reversible and were managed by dose reduction or discontinuation of GBP. All children had baseline attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and developmental delays.
Subject(s)
Acetates/adverse effects , Amines , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Child Behavior Disorders/chemically induced , Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids , Epilepsy/drug therapy , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , Aggression/drug effects , Akathisia, Drug-Induced/etiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Comorbidity , Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Female , Gabapentin , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Aggressive behavior is difficult to capture with most available rating instruments because it occurs with low frequency. The Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) was designed to capture all incidents on a 24-hour basis. To assess its usefulness, the OAS was piloted on 16 hospitalized, severely aggressive children with conduct disorder. OAS ratings capture episodes of aggressive behavior, measure trends in aggressive behavior over time, and appear to reflect change associated with pharmacotherapy in hospitalized children. This study suggests that the use of the OAS on a children's psychiatric inpatient unit is appropriate and feasible for clinical as well as research purposes.
Subject(s)
Aggression , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/drug therapy , Child, Preschool , Female , Haloperidol/therapeutic use , Humans , Lithium/therapeutic use , Male , Placebos/therapeutic use , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
There are few reports of the behavioral manifestations in the pediatric population infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We report a case of a 4-year-old child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, whose initial manifestation of central nervous system involvement consisted of sudden onset of impulsivity, hyperactivity, initial insomnia, and aggressive behavior. This clinical picture may suggest an initial presentation of HIV-1 encephalopathy. Clonidine was helpful in ameliorating these behaviors.
