OView-AI Supporter for Classifying Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Tuberculosis, Lung Cancer Chest X-ray Images Using Multi-Stage Superpixels Classification.

The deep learning approach has recently attracted much attention for its outstanding performance to assist in clinical diagnostic tasks, notably in computer-aided solutions. Computer-aided solutions are being developed using chest radiography to identify lung diseases. A chest X-ray image is one of the most often utilized diagnostic imaging modalities in computer-aided solutions since it produces non-invasive standard-of-care data. However, the accurate identification of a specific illness in chest X-ray images still poses a challenge due to their high inter-class similarities and low intra-class variant abnormalities, especially given the complex nature of radiographs and the complex anatomy of the chest. In this paper, we proposed a deep-learning-based solution to classify four lung diseases (pneumonia, pneumothorax, tuberculosis, and lung cancer) and healthy lungs using chest X-ray images. In order to achieve a high performance, the EfficientNet B7 model with the pre-trained weights of ImageNet trained by Noisy Student was used as a backbone model, followed by our proposed fine-tuned layers and hyperparameters. Our study achieved an average test accuracy of 97.42%, sensitivity of 95.93%, and specificity of 99.05%. Additionally, our findings were utilized as diagnostic supporting software in OView-AI system (computer-aided application). We conducted 910 clinical trials and achieved an AUC confidence interval (95% CI) of the diagnostic results in the OView-AI system of 97.01%, sensitivity of 95.68%, and specificity of 99.34%.

Experience of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine among healthy infants in Taiwan.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Rotavirus infection is the most common etiology of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. The first rotavirus vaccine was licensed by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 1998 but was suspended soon after in 1999 because of the possibility of induced intussusception. This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a newly developed pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in Taiwanese children. METHODS: This was a phase III global trial designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an oral, live pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq). Taiwan was the only site in Asia enrolled in this trial. Normal healthy infants aged 6-12 weeks were enrolled, and each of the subjects received either three oral doses of the vaccine or placebo solution. The safety of the vaccine, particularly the risk of intussusception, and immunogenicity were studied. RESULTS: A total of 189 infants were enrolled. No increased risk of intussusception or other adverse reactions were noted following the vaccination. RotaTeq was immunogenic among subjects enrolled in Taiwan. At least a three-fold rise in serum antirotavirus IgA antibody was found among 93% of the vaccine group. The immunogenicity of RotaTeq in Taiwan was comparable to that in other areas. CONCLUSION: The pentavalent human-bovine vaccine, RotaTeq, was safe, generally well-tolerated, and immunogenic among Taiwanese infants.