Mycosynthesis: antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) extract.

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were rapidly synthesized from silver nitrate solution at room temperature using Inonotus obliquus extract. The mycogenic synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). SEM revealed mostly spherical nanoparticles ranging from 14.7 to 35.2nm in size. All AgNPs concentrations showed good ABT radical scavenging activity. Further, AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria and antiproliferative activity toward A549 human lung cancer (CCL-185) and MCF-7 human breast cancer (HTB-22) cell lines. The samples demonstrated considerably high antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities against bacterial strains and cell lines.

Evaluation of thiosemicarbazone derivative as chelating agent for the simultaneous removal and trace determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in food and water samples.

In the present investigation, prepared N-ethyl-3-carbazolecarbaxaldehyde-3-thiosemicarbazone (ECCT) and employed for the simultaneous removal and determination of trace amounts of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from food and water samples. Cd(II) and Pb(II) gave yellow and orange colored complexes with ECCT in acetate buffer at pH 6.0 with λmax, 380 and 440nm, respectively. Both complexes were easily extractable into kerosene at 1:1(M:L) composition. It was in accordance with Beer's law in the range of 0.0-12.0 and 0.0-10.0µgmL(-1) with 0.999 and 0.997 correlation coefficient for Cd(II) and Pb(II) complexes, respectively, indicated a good linearity between the two variables. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 0.740×10(4)Lmol(-1)cm(-1), 1.52×10(-3)µgcm(-2) for Cd(II) and 1.809×10(4)L mol(-1)cm(-1), 1.15×10(-3)µgcm(-2) for Pb(II). The precision and accuracy of the method was checked for both metal ions by finding the relative standard deviations (n=8), which were 0.689% and 0.443%, with detection limits of 0.00151µgL(-1) and 0.00264µgL(-1) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Further validation using certified reference material, NIST 1568b, resulted in determined concentrations of 0.028±0.253µgg(-1) for Cd(II) and 0.046±0.325µgg(-1) for Pb(II). These determined values agree well with the certified values in the reference materials. The interfering effects of various cations and anions were also studied. The proposed method performance was also evaluated in terms of Student 'T' test and Variance 'F' test, which indicated the significance of the present method parameters, as an inter comparison of the experimental values using ICP-OES.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nelumbo nucifera seed extract and its antibacterial activity.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a Nelumbo nucifera dry seed extract, which is a simple, non-toxic, eco-friendly "green material". The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by the color changes and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. The AgNPs were stable at room temperature for 2 months. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the formation of well-dispersed and spherical shapes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the synthesized AgNPs showed the formation of spherical nanoparticles, 5.03-16.62 nm in size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the involvement of amine, aromatic and alkynes groups in the synthetic process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature of AgNPs. These AgNPs were highly toxic to found to Gram negative bacteria.

Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of novel α-aminophosphonates.

A novel series of carbazole-based α-aminophosphonates were synthesized by three component coupling of 6-bromo-9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde, amine and diethyl phosphite using polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as a green reaction media. The antiproliferative activity of these molecules was evaluated against three cancer cell lines. Of these, compounds 4c, 4e and 4m were found to exhibit good antiproliferative activity against three cancer cells, A549, MCF-7, and NCI-N87.

Unique X-ray sheet structure of 1,8-bis(imidazolium) anthracene and its application as a fluorescent probe for DNA and DNase.

A new imidazolium anthracene derivative 1 was synthesized, and its unique X-ray crystal structure was examined. In aqueous solutions, probe 1 exhibited a selective fluorescent quenching effect only with DNA among various anions including the nucleotides investigated. This probe was further applied to monitor the activity of DNase.

pat-4/ILK and unc-112/Mig-2 are required for gonad function in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Tissue morphogenesis requires proper interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is mediated by alphabeta heterodimeric receptor integrin. In Caenorhabditis elegans, integrin signaling is essential for formation of gonad. Here, we probe the role of several integrin-associated molecules in ovulation and cell migration. Function of pat-4/integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and unc-112/Mig-2 was examined using RNA-mediated interference (RNAi). Depletion of these messages caused oocyte accumulation in the proximal gonad and distal tip cells (DTC) migration defects. It was further determined that failed ovulation was due to defective contraction and dilation of somatic gonad structures, including spermatheca and gonad sheath. Actin cytoskeleton in the proximal gonad of RNAi animals appeared disorganized, indicating that RNAi of pat-4 or unc-112 inhibited the overall assembly of actin cytoskeleton in somatic gonad. Taken together, our analysis confirms the role of integrin and integrin-associated proteins in gonad function.

Glyscavins A, B and C, new phenolic glycoside antioxidants produced by a fungus Mycelia sterilia F020054.

Three new phenolic glycosides designated glyscavins A (1), B (2), and C (3) were isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain Mycelia sterilia F020054. Structural elucidation of the compounds was based on the NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. Glyscavins A, B and C exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity on superoxide and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothialozinesulfonic acid) cation radical (ABTS*+) than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).

A new imidazolium cavitand for the recognition of dicarboxylates.

[structure: see text] A new cavitand bearing four imidazolium groups was synthesized for the recognition of anions through (C-H)+...X- hydrogen bond formation. The binding properties toward various anions including dicarboxylates were examined on the basis of 1H NMR spectroscopic experiments.

Synthesis and photochemical protein crosslinking studies of hydrophilic naphthalimides.

A mixture of 4-alkylamino-1,8-naphthalimides has previously been reported to exhibit potential utility as a photochemical tissue-bonding reagent. In order to determine which constituents of the mixture were responsible for the observed tissue bonding and to facilitate study of the mechanism, we have synthesized each of the primary constituents of the mixture. Each naphthalimide synthesized has been demonstrated to photochemically crosslink proteins.