Longitudinal study of childhood adiposity and the risk of developing components of metabolic syndrome-the Da Qing children cohort study.

Childhood adiposity is increasingly recognized as a significant predictor of cardiometabolic risks in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with longitudinal changes in weight during childhood and the development of metabolic disease risk factors. Four hundred twenty-four children from DaQing city, China, were recruited at 5 y old and followed up for 5 y. Birth weight, television (TV) viewing time at 5 y old, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, fasting plasma insulin (FI), and triglycerides (TG) levels were measured at 5 and 10 y old. Both birth weight and TV viewing time at 5 y old significantly correlated with percentage of ideal weight for height (WFH) at 5 y old (WFH5; p = 0.0032 and p = 0.01), but only TV time was significantly correlated with WFH at 10 y old (WFH10; p < 0.0001). Blood pressures, FI, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and TG at 10 y old were significantly greater in those children who had greater change in WFH from 5 to 10 y old (ΔWFH). We concluded that TV viewing time was the stronger determinant of later childhood adiposity. A greater ΔWFH was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors at 10 y old.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 is independently affected by ethnicity, insulin sensitivity, and leptin in healthy, glucose-tolerant young men.

We examined the relationships among IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, insulin sensitivity, and leptin in different ethnic groups (Asian Indians, Chinese, and Caucasians) using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Ten healthy, young and nondiabetic subjects of each ethnic group, matched for body mass index, age, and physical activity were studied. A euglycemic clamp was performed on all subjects. IGFBP-1, insulin, and leptin were measured after fasting and during the clamp. Fasting IGFBP-1 concentration was highest in Chinese (P = 0.027). Asian Indians had the lowest insulin sensitivity index (P = 0.006). The ratio of insulin to IGFBP-1 at fasting and throughout the euglycemic clamp was higher in Asian Indians. Fasting IGFBP-1 had a strong negative correlation with fasting leptin levels (r = -0.715, P = 0.001). Multiple linear regression demonstrated that fasting insulin, leptin, ethnicity, and insulin sensitivity were significant predictors for fasting IGFBP-1. IGFBP-1 is independently determined by ethnicity, insulin sensitivity, and leptin in glucose-tolerant men. The presence of relative insulin resistance and low fasting IGFBP-1 levels in Asian Indians may contribute to their higher risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease.