Gastric Ulcer Perforation to the Liver Diagnosed by Endoscopic Biopsy.

Peptic ulcer disease is common and can be diagnosed easily if the patient has an ulcer history or characteristic abdominal symptoms. On the other hand, it may take a long time for the patient to visit the hospital due to severe complications if the patient is old or insensitive to symptoms caused by peptic ulcers. In the present case, a 72-year-old female visited the hospital due to general weakness and inadequate oral intake, which started two weeks ago. Endoscopy and abdominal CT revealed huge gastric ulcer findings. Through a tissue examination by endoscopy, hepatic cells were identified, and the patient was diagnosed with peptic ulcer perforation to the liver and later received surgical treatment.

Wide-gamut plasmonic color filters using a complementary design method.

Plasmonic color filters (PCFs) can acquire primary colors from non-polarized incident light through a two-dimensional arrangement of subwavelength holes. However, owing to the geometry of the 2D array, unintended secondary transmitted peaks derived from the higher-order modes of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) lead to color cross-talk with the primary peaks. Herein, we propose a complementary design method for generating high-purity red, green, and blue (R/G/B) by combining the G/B filters of hole-arrays with the R filters of dot-arrays. Metallic dot-array filters, wherein the wavelength band under 575 nm was effectively blocked by the induction of peak broadening, operated as optical high-pass filters exhibiting pure red, and consequently widen the color gamut of PCFs by 30% without loss of luminance and color tunability. This harmonious combination promises to yield competitiveness for a next-generation color filter by enhancing the color reproducibility of plasmonic nanostructures.

Favorable vocal fold wound healing induced by platelet-rich plasma injection.

OBJECTIVES: To introduce a new injection material for vocal fold diseases, which could be readily translated to clinical practice, we investigated the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection on the injured vocal fold in terms of histological recovery. METHODS: Blood samples were drawn from New Zealand White rabbits and PRP was isolated through centrifugation and separation of the samples. Using a CO2 laser, we made a linear wound in the 24 vocal fold sides of 12 rabbits and injected each wound with PRP on one vocal fold side and normal saline (NS) on the other. Morphologic analyses were conducted at 2, 4, and 12 weeks after injection, and inflammatory response, collagen deposit, and changes in growth factors were assessed using H&E and masson trichrome (MT) staining and western blot assay. RESULTS: PRP was prepared in approximately 40 minutes. The mean platelet concentration was 1,315,000 platelets/mm(3). In morphological analyses, decreased granulation was observed in the PRP-injected vocal folds (P<0.05). However, the irregular surface and atrophic change were not difference. Histological findings revealed significant inflammation and collagen deposition in NS-injected vocal folds, whereas the PRP-injected vocal folds exhibited less (P<0.05). However, the inflammatory reaction and fibrosis were not difference. In western blot assay, increased amounts of growth factors were observed in PRP-injected vocal folds. CONCLUSION: Injection of injured rabbit vocal folds with PRP led to improved wound healing and fewer signs of scarring as demonstrated by decreased inflammation and collagen deposition. The increased vocal fold regeneration may be due to the growth factors associated with PRP.

Plasma gel as a new augmentation material for injection laryngoplasty in rabbit model: histologic analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Currently, a variety of materials are available for the treatment of glottal insufficiency. Ideal injection materials should be inexpensive, easily obtainable, nontoxic, and biocompatible. Plasma gel has recently been developed as an injectable, autologous material used in plastic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological changes in rabbit vocal folds (VFs) after an injection of plasma gel, compared with collagen (Artecoll) or hyaluronic acid (Reviderm Intra). STUDY DESIGN: Experimental prospective animal study. SETTING: Animal laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 12 New Zealand rabbits. Plasma collected from each rabbit was centrifuged and processed using a gel heating system. All rabbits received a 0.05 ml injection of plasma gel into the right VF, while an equivalent volume of Artecoll or Reviderm Intra was injected into the left VFs of each 6 rabbits randomly. The larynges were collected 2, 4, and 8 weeks after injection, and the tissues were stained for histological analysis. RESULTS: In comparison with left VFs injected with Artecoll or Reviderm Intra, there was significantly less inflammatory response and foreign body reaction in the plasma gel injected right VFs (P < .05). Multinucleated foreign body type giant cells were also more prevalent in the left VFs. There were no quantitative differences in the rates of neovascularization or collagen deposition between groups. CONCLUSION: Plasma gel is a biologically compatible material that may serve as a suitable augmentation material in injection laryngoplasty. Further studies that examine the long-term effects in a larger number of subjects are needed.

Morphological and histological changes of rabbit vocal fold after steroid injection.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological and histological change of vocal folds (VFs) after steroid injection in a rabbit model. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective animal study. SETTING: Tertiary academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. We randomly classified rabbits into the 3 groups and triamcinolone acetonide suspension was injected to the right VF with different concentrations. Left VF was injected with the same volume of phosphate-buffered saline as control. Endoscopic evaluation was performed to measure morphological changes. The larynges were collected for histological analysis, and the VFs were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for assessing inflammatory response, glandular atrophy, and muscular atrophy and with Masson's trichrome for assessing collagen deposition. RESULTS: In morphological assessment, there were no differences in VF mass reduction, mucosal atrophy, and granulation formation between both VFs. Histological assessments showed no significant difference in inflammatory response, glandular atrophy, and collagen deposition between both VFs. However, there was a difference in muscular atrophy and epithelial layer thinning in steroid injected right VFs. Muscular atrophy had been completely recovered over time, but mild epithelial thinning was continued until 12 weeks. The longer exposure time and larger dose did not increase the intensity of muscular atrophy or epithelial thinning. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the VF steroid injection resulted in no significant changes in morphology and histology of rabbit VF. However, steroid injection may induce several VF histological changes and these results are needed to be considered when treating humans.