Influence of perceived parental child-rearing attitudes and ego identity on college adjustment among Korean nursing students.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the relationship between nursing students' perceived parental child-rearing attitude, ego identity, and college adjustment in Korea and explore factors that influence college adjustment. METHODS: This study surveyed 224 nursing students enrolled in universities located in two regions within South Korea. Data were collected from October 14 to November 31, 2019. Perceived parental child-rearing attitude (paternal emotional warmth, paternal rejection, paternal overprotection, maternal emotional warmth, maternal rejection, and maternal overprotection) and ego identity of nursing students were used as independent variables on college adjustment. Collected data were subjected to correlation analysis using SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. Further, regression analysis was performed on the influence of parental child-rearing attitude and ego identity on college adjustment. RESULTS: Among the parental child-rearing attitudes, paternal emotional warmth (r = .30, p < .001), maternal emotional warmth (r = .38, p < .001), and ego identity (r = .71, p < .001) were positively correlated with nursing students' college adjustment, whereas maternal rejection was negatively correlated with ego identity (r = - .28, p < .001) and college adjustment (r = - .15, p = .025). Regression analysis of the effects of nursing students' perceived parental child-rearing attitude and ego identity on college adjustment, with grade as a control variable, revealed that ego identity (p < .001) had a significant effect on college adjustment, and the higher the ego identity (ß = 0.712), the higher the college adjustment. Further, the explanatory power of explaining college adjustment was high at 49.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The nursing students' perceived paternal emotional warmth, maternal emotional warmth, and ego identity were positively correlated with college adjustment. Additionally, ego identity was found as the influencing factor in Korean nursing students' college adjustment. Therefore, programs to strengthen ego identity should be developed and implemented for college adjustment among nursing students.

Effects of Ego-Resiliency on Interpersonal Problems among Nursing Students: The Mediating Effects of Aggression.

(1) Background: Despite that nursing college students are more diverse than those in other majors, many nurses experience interpersonal problems and difficulties in the process of forming relationships and contacting various people. The purpose of this study is to understand the mediating effects of aggression on the process of ego-resilience in interpersonal problems in nursing college students. (2) Methods: The subjects of this study were 182 nursing college students attending university in D metropolitan city. Data were collected from 23 October to 9 November 2018. The measurements were carried out using the Ego-Resiliency Scale, the Aggression Questionnaire-Korean Version (AQ-K), and the short form of the KIIP Complex Scale (KIIP-SC). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA. The methods of Baron and Kenny were used to verify the significance of the mediating effect. (3) Results: There were significant correlations among ego-resiliency, aggression, and interpersonal problems. Aggression had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between ego-resiliency and interpersonal problems, and aggression was explained to a level of 23%. (4) Conclusions: To lower interpersonal problems among nursing students, it is necessary to develop education and programs to improve ego-resiliency and to control aggression.

Structural Equation Model on the Problem Behavior of Adolescents.

This study aimed to explain direct and indirect relationship between psychological maltreatment, socio-psychological prevention factors, and problem behavior of adolescents based upon Jessor's protective-risk model and Haase's adolescent resilience model (ARM). A convenience sample of 138 Korean adolescents was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. Using the collected data, the developed model was verified by structural equation modeling analysis using SPSS and AMOS program. Regarding model fit, χ2 = 151.62 (p < 0.001), GFI = 0.908, AGFI = 0.836, CFI = 0.911, SRMR = 0.060, and RMSEA = 0.10, showing acceptable fit levels. Psychological maltreatment explained 11.5% of perceived social support; psychological maltreatment, perceived social support, and self-control explained 89.9% of resilience; psychological maltreatment and perceived social support explained 53.2% of self-control; and psychological maltreatment, perceived social support, resilience, and self-control explained 39.7% of problem behavior. Psychological maltreatment directly and indirectly influenced perceived social support, self-control, and problem behavior. Psychological maltreatment and self-control were the factors that influence problem behavior of adolescents. The findings suggest that psychological maltreatment must be eradicated to reduce problem behavior of adolescents and enhance their socio-psychological protection factors.

Model Construction for Undergraduate Student College Adjustment.

Background: College students are known to struggle with a number of difficulties, such as their future careers and interpersonal relationships, as well as job-seeking stress. This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for undergraduate student college adjustment. Methods: The data collection period ranged from November 2019 to January 2020. A questionnaire was distributed to a total of 300 college students; a total of 290 copies were ultimately used for analysis. Result: The model fit indexes of the final model were χ2 = 427.707 (p < 0.001), DF = 173, χ2/DF = 2.47, GFI = 0.88, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.84, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.91, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.92, Standardized Root Mean-square Residual (SRMR) = 0.07, and Root Mean-Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.07. All of the model fit indexes were acceptable, and seven of the thirteen paths in the final model were significant. The factors that influenced college adjustment were social support (r = 0.39) and ego-identity (ß = 0.73), explaining 57.1% of the variance. Conclusions: To increase college adjustment, it is necessary to consider the relationship of adjustment with college students' surrounding environments, such as their family, friends, and professors, and how students can improve their ego-identity.

[Reliability and Validity of Korean Version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory]. / 한국어판 아동학대 ìž ìž¬ì„± 도구의 ì‹ ë¢°ë„ì™€ 타당도 검증.

PURPOSE: This study presents methodological research that aimed to verify the content validity, construct validity, reliability, and criterion-related validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI), originally developed by Milner and then translated into Korean by Ahn. METHODS: Data used in this study were collected from 209 mothers of infants, toddlers, and children of preschool age in D metropolitan city. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. RESULTS: The Korean version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (K-CAPI) was developed by condensing 44 of the original 77 CAPI items. Four factors of K-CAPI were extracted using principal component analysis. These 4 factors-distress; problems with child, self, family, and others; unhappiness; rigidity-accounted for 54.01% of variance. The Cronbach's ⍺ was .96, the Guttman split-half coefficient was .88, and test-retest reliability was r=.86 (p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study established the reliability and validity of the K-CAPI and found it to be an appropriate tool to evaluate mothers' potential to abuse their children.