ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: In the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in the South Korean population and to understand the correlation between aging, sex, and hearing loss prevalence through the analysis of data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional epidemiological study. METHODS: The KNHANES is an ongoing population study that started in 1998. Examinations to detect diseases of the ear, nose, and throat, including audiological testing and otologic examinations, have been conducted since 2010. We included a total of 18,650 participants in the KNHANES, from 2010 to 2012, in the present study. Pure-tone audiometric testing was conducted in participants aged ≥ 12 years. The frequencies tested were 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz. RESULTS: The prevalence of hearing loss in speech-relevant frequencies in the South Korean population was 9.31% for unilateral hearing loss and 13.42% for bilateral hearing loss. The overall hearing loss (unilateral or bilateral) was 22.73%. Male and older participants were more often affected by hearing loss than female and younger participants. High-frequency hearing loss appeared earlier than hearing loss at speech-relevant frequencies, and unilateral hearing loss showed a weaker correlation with aging than bilateral hearing loss. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hearing loss in South Korea was higher in men and older participants according to the data collected from the KNHANES. The patterns of hearing loss differed between hearing loss at speech-relevant frequencies and at high frequencies.
Subject(s)
Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Risk Assessment/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Hearing/physiology , Hearing Loss/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Young AdultSubject(s)
Neurofibromatoses/pathology , Female , Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 , Humans , Middle Aged , Mosaicism , Mutation , Neurofibromatoses/geneticsABSTRACT
Although AKT / protein kinase B is constitutively active in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and is an attractive target for enhancing the cytotoxicity of therapeutic agents, the distinct roles of the AKT isoforms in NSCLC are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of AKT1 and AKT2 in NSCLC cells using RNAi. The siRNA targeting of AKT1 or AKT2 effectively decreased protein levels of AKT1 and AKT2, respectively, in A549 and H460 cells. Cisplatin treatment of these cells increased apoptotic cell death compared with control. The siRNA-induced knockdown of AKT1 in H460 cells significantly decreased basal MEK/ ERK1 / 2 activity, resulting in nuclear factor-κB activation, whereas knockdown of AKT2 resulted in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein MCL-1 (MCL-1) cleavage, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and activation of the caspase cascade. Consequently, both siRNA treatments enhanced the chemosensitivity of H460 cells to cisplatin. However, neither AKT1 nor AKT2 siRNA treatment had any effect of p27 expression, and although both treatments tended to induced G2 /M phase arrest, the effect was not statistically significant. Treatment with AKT1 siRNA markedly decreased colony formation growth and migration, but AKT2 siRNA had no significant effects on these parameters. These data suggest that AKT1 and AKT2 both contribute to cell survival, albeit via different mechanisms, and that the effects on cell growth and migration are predominantly regulated by AKT1. These findings may aid in refining targeted strategies for the inhibition of AKT isoforms towards the sensitization of NSCLC cells to therapeutic agents.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Apoptosis/drug effects , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Caspases/biosynthesis , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Cell Survival , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Cytochromes c/biosynthesis , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial , Mitochondria/metabolism , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein , NF-kappa B/biosynthesis , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/biosynthesis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , RNA Interference , RNA, Small Interfering , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
We report here results for 15 hips that we repaired using allograft prosthesis composite (APC) and monitored for a mean of 4.2 years. Two hips underwent repeat revisions with new APCs after a mean of 83.7 months. The average Harris Hip Score improved from 21.8 before revision surgery to 83.2 afterward, and 12 stems showed good stability. Of the 15 hips repaired with APC, 13 had good junctional union. One of the 2 remaining hips showed nonunion, which was repaired with an onlay graft 3.3 years later, and the other hip showed both infection and nonunion. There was 1 dislocation, and 2 hips had complications related to the greater trochanter. Our findings demonstrate that the use of APC produces satisfactory results.
