ABSTRACT
Central nervous system toxicity of 5-FU could show various manifestations, such as decreased alertness, disorientation, and agitation. It is generally accepted that lesions of 5-FU encephalopathy are mainly in the deep cerebral white matter and corpus callosum on MR imaging. Here we describe a case of 5-FU encephalopathy in gastric cancer with an atypical reversible diffusion-restricted lesion on MR imaging, showing bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and parasagittal frontal cortex involvement on diffusion and T2-weighted imaging.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/chemically induced , Brain Diseases/pathology , Brain/drug effects , Brain/pathology , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Ataxia/diagnosis , Ataxia/epidemiology , Chorea/diagnosis , Chorea/epidemiology , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/diagnosis , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/epidemiology , Adult , Ataxia/genetics , Chorea/genetics , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Korea/epidemiology , Male , Prevalence , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/genetics , TATA-Box Binding Protein/genetics , Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion , Young AdultABSTRACT
Three-dimensional gyrokinetic simulations of microturbulence in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas with massively parallel computers showed that, with linear flow damping, an asymptotic residual flow develops in agreement with analytic calculations. Nonlinear global simulations of instabilities driven by temperature gradients in the ion component of the plasma support the view that turbulence-driven fluctuating zonal flows can substantially reduce turbulent transport. Finally, the outstanding differences in the flow dynamics observed in global and local simulations are found to be due to profile variations.
