ABSTRACT
Drug abuse affects the physical and psychological well-being of the user as well as creating heavy societal costs--which are amplified if the user is a child. This study examined the relationship between drug and alcohol use and self-esteem, school climate, peer effects, and family climate among a small sample of fourth graders in a rural community.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Rural Health , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Child , Family/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Models, Psychological , Peer Group , Self Concept , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The hydroxyproline/creatinine excretion ratios have been measured in half-hour fasting morning urine specimens from breast cancer patients and compared with corresponding values measured in 24 hour urine collections. Both parameters show a close correlation. The value of the half-hour test in predicting the presence of early bone metastases, in monitoring the response of patients to therapy and in eliminating unwanted effects of dietary Hydroxyproline intake are discussed.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/urine , Hydroxyproline/urine , Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis , Bone Neoplasms/urine , Creatine/urine , Female , Humans , Neoplasm Metastasis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, measured as the hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio, was useful in monitoring the progression of metastatic cancer of the breast. After new treatment was started changes in the hydroxyproline excretion occurred earlier than other clinically observable responses. The test could therefore be used for predicting the response to treatment and early detection of the sensitivity of the tumour to hormone therapy.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/urine , Breast Neoplasms/urine , Hydroxyproline/urine , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Calcium/blood , Ethinyl Estradiol/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prednisolone/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology , Colonic Neoplasms/immunology , Crohn Disease/immunology , False Positive Reactions , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/immunology , Humans , Peptic Ulcer/immunology , Radioimmunoassay , Rectal Neoplasms/immunologyABSTRACT
Our studies have confirmed that raised plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) occur with many but not all malignant tumours, particularly those of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and bronchus. However, the incidence of raised values may reach 30% in diseases associated with inflammation or regeneration or both. Consequently, it cannot serve yet as a routine screening test for cancer. Effective surgical therapy results in high plasma C.E.A. levels returning to normal. Subsequent rises appear to develop with tumour recurrence or spread. At present the most useful role for C.E.A. seems to be in monitoring patients during the post-therapeutic followup period. Further basic work is required before C.E.A. can become of routine medical value.
