ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Mondor's disease is a rare superficial thrombophlebitis, historically involving the thoracic venous system of women. However, it can occur in both gender and all over the skin. CASE REPORT: We report a 40-year-old man with type one diabetes who presented with a thrombosis of the superficial dorsal vein of the penis that he treated as a fungal infection. Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and low molecular weight heparin contributed to a favorable outcome in 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Pathogenesis and treatment of Mondor's disease remain incompletely dominated. Some predisposing factors have been highlighted in the literature. It might be interesting to add diabetes, due to its frequent pelvic problems leading to a potential venous inflammatory trigger.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use , Penile Diseases/diagnosis , Penis/blood supply , Thrombophlebitis/diagnosis , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Humans , Male , Penile Diseases/drug therapy , Thrombophlebitis/drug therapy , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Veins/pathologyABSTRACT
With the rare exceptions of PAH associated with antiphospholipid antibodies, genetic platelet dysfunction, or inherited deficiencies of antithrombotic pathways, the thrombotic lesions are secondary, but frequently occurring, in most cases of primary or secondary PAH. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is associated with thrombotic lesions and persistent vasoconstriction and structural remodeling of PA. Activated platelets interact with the PA wall and may contribute to the functional and structural alterations of pulmonary vessels by releasing vasoactive factors and mitogenic mediators.
Subject(s)
Blood Platelets/physiology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Thrombosis/physiopathology , Animals , Blood Coagulation/physiology , Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors/physiology , Endothelial Growth Factors/physiology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Fibrinolysis/physiology , Humans , Lymphokines/physiology , Platelet Activation/physiology , Risk Factors , Serotonin/physiology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Vascular Endothelial Growth FactorsABSTRACT
The control of adrenal functions by locally secreted neuropeptides or neurotransmitters is of great physiological importance. Vasopressin (VP) is one of these autocrine/paracrine regulators. We demonstrated by RT-PCR and perifusion experiments that rat and human adrenal medulla expressed and released vasopressin under basal conditions and under stimulation by acetylcholine. Intra-adrenal concentrations of VP may be sufficient to activate adrenal VP receptors. In the cortex, only the V1a receptor subtype has been detected. It triggered both steroid secretion and cortical growth. In the medulla, both V1a and V1b receptor subtypes were expressed. V1b receptors were mainly present on chromaffin cells and stimulated catecholamine secretion. The role of the V1a receptor remains unclear. Pathophysiological studies also revealed that human pheochromocytoma did not overexpress vasopressin receptors but might oversecrete vasopressin causing high plasma VP concentrations and elevated blood pressure.
