Accuracy in orthognathic surgery─comparison of preoperative plan and postoperative outcome using computer-assisted two-dimensional cephalometry by the Onyx Ceph® system.

PURPOSE: This retrospective study analyzes deviations between preoperative planning and postoperative outcome in orthognathic surgery using 2D Onyx Ceph®-cephalometric analyzing and planning system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients with a mean age 25.1 of years were included in this study. In 33 patients a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and in seven patients a Le Fort I osteotomy was performed. A total of 60 patients were treated by a bimaxillary approach. Onyx Ceph® was used as cephalometric planning software (Onyx Ceph®), followed by mock operations. Postoperative cephalograms were obtained after 3.3 days and compared to preoperative planning cephalograms for sagittal (SNA, SNB, ANB) and vertical (ArGoMe, ML-NSL, NL-NSL) angle measurements. Real and absolute mean deviation were documented. RESULTS: Absolute mean deviation (degrees) between postoperative and planned jaw movement was lower for the sagittal parameters SNA (0.58), SNB (1.15) and ANB (1.05) compared to the vertical parameters NL-NSL (1.47), ML-NSL (1.96) and ArGoMe (3.20). SNA, SNB and ANB showed constant deviations independent from the extent of jaw movement. With regard to the vertical parameters ML-NSL, ArGoMe and NL-NSL the extent of the postoperative rotational jaw movement was not as much as planned, particularly for vertical shifts of more than 4°. CONCLUSION: By using the 2D Onyx Ceph® cephalometric software for orthognathic surgery, the deviations between planned and actual movements are within an acceptable and predictable range. Planning of extensive vertical alterations may result in greater deviations after surgery.

Long-term outcome and subjective quality of life after surgical treatment of lower lip cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip represents a common type of cancer with a favourable prognosis. Different types of defect reconstruction after ablative surgery are described for maintenance of patients' quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study retrospectively evaluates the outcome of 105 patients treated for lower lip cancer. Oncological data as well as individual quality of life were investigated. RESULTS: Cervical lymph node metastases rarely occurred (7.6 %) and were correlated to larger-sized tumours (p = 0.041). Only five patients (4.8) died related to the tumour disease, especially after lymph node metastasis and tumour recurrence (p < 0.001). The 5-year rates for recurrence-free, overall and disease-specific survival were 84.5, 61.2 and 93.9 %. Tumour recurrence correlated with a resection margin of less than 0.75 cm (p = 0.089). With view to postoperative quality of life, the modified Bernard-Fries technique showed the most unfavourable results, particularly referring to sensibility, paraesthesia, lip pursing and mouth opening compared to a stair-step and/or Abbe reconstructions. CONCLUSIONS: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip shows a very favourable prognosis. Neck dissection seems often negligible particularly in small tumours. Patients' functional quality of life after lip surgery depends on the size of the primary and the used technique. Stair-step and/or Abbe reconstructions should be preferred to a Bernard-Fries technique in comparable defect sizes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Proper treatment of lower lip cancer provides favourable prognosis and preserves patients' functional and aesthetic quality of life.