ABSTRACT
During the 19th century, doctors confronted with deafness (among whom Itard) played an essential part in the understanding of the diseases of the ears and the education of deaf mutes. Then in the 20th century the use of cochlear implants was a great leap forward, but a great problem too, deaf mutes not considering themselves as patients or disabled persons.
Subject(s)
Schools/history , Sign Language , Deafness , France , History, 19th Century , HumansABSTRACT
Fenestration was the first surgical operation to improve deaf persons affected by otosclerosis. Its story is on a par with Maurice Sourdille's. Not only this author had perfected this surgery even before the use of antibiotics and audiometry but he was a forerunner in the field of ear surgery and in medical otology.
Subject(s)
Otolaryngology/history , Otologic Surgical Procedures/history , Fenestration, Labyrinth/history , Fenestration, Labyrinth/methods , France , History, 20th Century , Humans , Otologic Surgical Procedures/instrumentationABSTRACT
Since Antiquity, and Celsus' description of blunt digital ablation of the tonsils, tonsillectomy had seen only two major instrumental developments: the advent of tonsillotomes around 1830, and enucleation with a guillotine forceps at the beginning of the 20th century. New instrumental methods for ENT disorders have been introduced in recent years. Modern anesthetic methods have improved the operating conditions for both the surgeon and the patient. However, the impact of these new approaches on the safety of tonsillectomy remains to be determined.
Subject(s)
Tonsillectomy/trends , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Tonsillectomy/instrumentationABSTRACT
Trousseau's contribution to laryngology was considerable, but it was eclipsed by his reputation in other fields. His work in the field was not limited to the diffusion of tracheotomy for the treatment of croup, despite opposition from certain surgeons. He totally transformed the intervention, which up until then had been undertaken without any specific methodology, into a controlled procedure with principles that still apply today. He undertook the study of chronic diseases of the larynx and wrote the first work dedicated to this pathology, before the arrival of laryngoscopy. He reported the first recorded and illustrated case of laryngeal cancer for which he himself performed a tracheotomy. Laryngeal pathology was an important centre of interest throughout his career. With the arrival of laryngoscopy at the end of his professional life, Armand Trousseau had left a lifetime's work that facilitated the expansion of the new generation of laryngology. He could be considered as the first medico-surgical laryngologist, mastering both an in-depth knowledge of the organ, its medicine, and surgery, which at that time was limited to tracheotomy.
Subject(s)
Croup/history , Otolaryngology/history , Tracheotomy/history , Croup/surgery , France , History, 19th Century , Humans , Laryngeal Diseases/historyABSTRACT
A significant step forward in otosclerosis surgery was made in 1956 with the advent of stapedectomy. This led to a significant reduction in surgical complications and to a high level of patient satisfaction. Hearing aids are the alternative to surgery, and have themselves undergone considerable technical improvements. In advanced otosclerosis, cochlear implants can improve hearing when stapes surgery and a conventional hearing aid are inadequate. These advances are modifying the surgical indications.
Subject(s)
Cochlear Implants , Hearing Aids/trends , Otosclerosis/surgery , Stapes Surgery , Adult , Audiometry , Deafness/etiology , Deafness/rehabilitation , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Otosclerosis/complications , Otosclerosis/etiology , Otosclerosis/genetics , Otosclerosis/rehabilitation , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Stapes Surgery/adverse effects , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The Early Hearing-Loss Center at Nantes University Hospital (C.A.M.S.P) is a rare example of this kind in France. The proximity of the center to the ENT department facilitates communication between health care professionals involved in diagnostic procedures and those involved in early education, thereby improving the quality of care for children needing hearing aids. The center is located within hospital, but the center and ENT department are clearly separated in order to offer appropriate patient welcome. The center is equipped to participate in universal newborn hearing screening and early treatment.
