ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In audiology, the usual tests of speech perception in silence are non-predictive of intelligibility in noise. The French Matrix was developed to assess intelligibility in noise in adults with normal cognitive capacity. A simplified adaptive version, FRA-SIMAT, was derived for use with children and elderly persons with diminished memory span. The aim of the present study was to apply this adaptive procedure to determine signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) according to percentage intelligibility. METHODS: Twenty normal-hearing adults and 60 normal-hearing children aged 5-6 years (G1), 7-8 years (G2) and 9-10 years (G3) were included. FRA-SIMAT uses groups of 3 words, to limit memory demand. RESULTS: In adults, SNR for 50% (SNR-50) and 80% intelligibility (SNR-80) was respectively -7.1±1.4dB and -3.7±1.6dB. In children, SNR-50 was -4.2±1.3dB in G1, -4.6±1.2dB in G2, and -5.5±1.5dB in G3. CONCLUSION: The FRA-SIMAT test of speech perception in noise was validated in adults and children of different ages, and can be implemented as a diagnostic and rehabilitation tool in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Speech Intelligibility , Speech Perception , Adult , Aged , Auditory Threshold , Child , Humans , Language , NoiseSubject(s)
Nerve Block , Tendon Injuries/therapy , Adult , Analgesics, Opioid , Emergency Medical Services , Female , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Humans , Morphine , Tendon Injuries/surgeryABSTRACT
The molecular heterogeneity of acid-stable (Type I) mouse interferons induced in C243 cells by Newcastle disease virus was analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing and reducing conditions, and the profiles of antiviral activities obtained were characterized biologicaly in mouse cells and in heterologous (guinea-pig) cells. Two bands of activity, A and B, were consistently present in all interferon preparations tested: under reducing conditions, the activity in all fractions of band A (with a peak of activity at about 38000 daltons) was uniformly increased, while that of band B (with a peak at about 22000 daltons) was uniformly diminished. All the active fraction in band A had only slight activity (less than 10% of homologous titres) on guinea-pig cells, whereas all those in band B were significantly more active an guinea-pig cells than on homologous L cells. Thus, mouse type I interferon preparations contain two molecular populations of interferons that can be distinguished physically (by size), biochemically (by the effect of reduction on reactivation from SDS) and biologically (by activity in heterologous cells).
Subject(s)
Interferons/analysis , Animals , Culture Techniques , Guinea Pigs , Interferons/pharmacology , L Cells , Mice , Molecular Conformation , Newcastle disease virus , Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/drug effectsABSTRACT
The concentration of herpes-simplex virus (H.S.V.) in the lesions of adults with recurrent herpes labialis was determined. On the 1st day the vesicle appeared, the fluid within the lesion contained 10(5-3) plaque-forming units (P.F.U.) of H.S.V./mul. By swabbing the surface of the lesions with a sterile pledget, 10(6-2) P.F.U. of virus was isolated from the inflamed labial mucosa. The amount of virus obtained from the labial surface decreased on the 2nd and 3rd day to 10(5-0) and 10(3-0) P.F.U., respectively. In two patients on immunosuppressive drugs, high concentrations of virus (greater than 10(4-0) P.F.U.) were obtained per swab for more than 3 weeks. The presence of infectious virus-antibody (V.A.) complexes in herpetic lesions was demonstrated by examining fifty-two isolates from twenty-eight patients at various times during the course of their disease. 71% of the patients had V.A. complexes in their lesions on the 1st day of the vesicular eruption, and by the 3rd day all of the lesions examined contained complexes. It is concluded that patients with active lesions shed high concentrations of virus and that natural infection may be transmitted by an infectious V.A. complex.
