[Comparative efficacy of original oil escazole and nemozole suspensions in albino mice with experimental trichinosis in the muscle phase of invasion].

The efficacy of original oil escazole and nemozole suspensions in albino mice in the muscle phase of T. spiralis invasion, which was detected by lifetime diagnosis of experimental trichinosis 6 days after initiation of treatment in a daily dose of 0.3 g/kg, was 100%. Under equal experimental conditions, the oil nemozole suspension showed high toxicity and caused death in 50% of the treated animals.

[Efficacy of nocodazole et experimental invasion Echinococcus granulosus of white mice].

The therapeutic activity of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal nocodazole injections was studied in albino mice with experimental E. granulosus invasion. The animals were intraperitoneally infected with Echinococcus larval cysts (ELC) from a spontaneously inoculated sheep. Nocodazole aqueous suspension (NAS) was administered at the late stage of invasion in two experiments. In one experiment, the treatment was initiated 7.5 months after inoculation. The animals were given daily subcutaneous injections of gradually increasing daily doses (n = 32) from 5 to 20 mg/kg twice weekly for 4 months (the total active ingredient dose was 400 mg/kg). The mice were dissected 3 months after treatment termination. Their autopsy showed that all ELCs or their vast majority were dead in 17 (70.8%) of 24 NAS-treated mice. Among the completely cured mice, there were animals having dead ELCs amounting to 36.9% of the host's weight. In the other experiment, the mice received intraperitoneal treatment 11.5 months after inoculation. They were given NAS injections (n = 2-8) in the total active ingredient dose of 14-126 mg/kg for 4-32 days. The animals were dissected 12-14 months after inoculation. All the detected ELCs were ascertained to be dead in the mice that had received NAS in an active ingredient dose of 87-126 mg/kg and had been dissected 33-81 days after initiation of treatment. The damaging effect of NAS was accompanied by obvious ELC collapse (the ELC collapse index was 57.5-75.9% for all the cured animals).

[Comparative efficacy of albendazole and mebendazole oily suspensions in albino mice with experimental larval alveococcosis].

The comparative efficacy of albendazole and mebendazole oily suspensions (AOS and MOS) was studied in an experimental model of experimental larval alveococcosis in albino mice. The animals were intragastrically injected with the agents once daily for 40 days on day 35 after intraperitoneal inoculation with E. multilocularis acephalocysts. They were dissected 29 days after treatment termination (103 days following inoculation) and the rate of infestation and viability and the degree of maturity of developed alveococcosis larvocysts (AL) were determined. The AOS and MOS efficiency estimated by the mean mass of AL per animal was 83.3 and 98.1%, respectively; whereas the similar indicator calculated by one largest AL weight per animal found among all the animals in the compared groups was equal to 57.7 and 96.9%, respectively. Under the equal conditions of solubilization in vegetable oil, the biological activity and bioavailability of mebendazole were shown to increase to a much greater extent than those of albendazole. The findings suggest that the use of mebendazole is promising for designing new vegetable oil-based formulations of the agent.

[Study of the therapeutic activity of nocodazole on experimental models of larval alveococcosis].

The therapeutic activity of parenteral nocodazole was studied on four larval alveococcosis models: golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus campbelli Thomas), albino rats (Rattus rattus albus), and cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) at the late stage of E. multilocularis invasion. The agent (aqueous suspension) was intraperitoneally, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously injected in daily doses of 0.125-0.5 g/kg as 1-8 injections. Mebendazole was the drug of comparison. In the golden hamsters, one intraperitoneal nocodazole injection in daily doses of 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg caused death of all alveococcosis larvocysts whereas mebendazole 0.5 g/kg proved to be ineffective. In the Djungarian hamsters, one intraperitoneal nocodazole injection in a dose of 0.25 g/kg was fatal to alveococcosis larvocysts in 3 (75%) of the 4 animals. In the albino rats, nocodazole once administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.125 g/kg caused no death of all parasitic larvocysts, but inhibited their growth by 94.4%. The found alveococcus larvocysts were dead in all the cotton rats receiving nocodazole intramuscularly and subcutaneously 8 times in daily doses of 0.125 and 0.2 g/kg, respectively. Larvocystic death induced by nocodazole in animals with intensive invasion was accompanied by the high rate of collapse in larvocysts.

[Use of an enzyme immunoassay test system with cystic Echinococcus antigen to diagnose echinococcosis alveolaris (multilocularis) (alveococcosis)].

Twenty-three serum samples from 12 patients with Echinococcus alveolaris collected 1 to 12 years after surgery and 1--13 courses of specific therapy were used to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test system with cystic Echinococcus antigen. The findings enable the EIA test system with cystic Echinococcus antigen to be recommended for the diagnosis of Echinococcosis alveolaris and for the monitoring of its treatment results.

[Human dirofilariasis in the Moscow region]. / Difiliarioz cheloveka v Moskovskom regione.

Dirofilaria repens Railliet et Henry, 1911 was for the first time studied in the Moscow Region where 11 patients (6 males and 5 females) aged 4-72 years were recorded in 2000-2002. The geographical distribution (the southern and south-eastern parts of the region) of local cases of dirofiliriasis, was observed. There was a relatively high rate of D. repens in the male genitalia of the infected patients as compared with that reported by other authors. In accordance with the current terminology, D. repens in the Moscow Region is proposed to be regarded as emerging infection. The authors show it necessary to obligatorily record all autochtonous cases of D. repens infection, to make epidemiological surveillance and analysis in order to early detect and prevent dirofilariasis-associated complications.

[Developing of new anthelmintics. Evaluation of fluzamide on the new experimental models of intestinal cestode infections]. / Razrabotka novykh otechestvennykh antigel'mintikov. Otsenka terapevtitseskoi aktivnosti fluzamida na novykh éksperimental'nykh modeliakh kishechnykh tsestodozov.

The efficacy of the original drug fluzamide (a N,S-containing heterocycle derivative) was evaluated by primary screening on a modified model of monoinvasion with the luminal form of Echinococcus multilocularis and on an original model of intestinal mixed invasion of E. multilocularis and Hymenolepsis nana at the immature and mature stages of the parasites in golden hamsters when an experimental host was immunosuppressed with hydrocortisone. The efficacy of fluzamide in an oral dose of 0.3 g/kg against young E. multilocularis and H. nana (the duration of their invasion was 7 days) was 99.8-100%; that against adult cestodes of both species (their maximum age was 28 days) was 100%. The original method of simulation of intestinal cestodiases in laboratory rodents, which is based on the artificial transplantation of cestodes at the prepatent stage of development from the intestine of infected donors to the intestine of healthy recipients through the latter' stomach during drug immunosuppression, showed its high reliability. There is evidence that transplanted immature strobilar cestodes can survive in the stomach, get acclimated, and continue to develop in the recipients' small bowel up to the stage of formation of infective eggs.

[Helminthiasis morbidity in an organized pediatric population in one of the regions of the Far North]. / Porazhennost' gel'mintozami organizovannogo detskogo naseleniia v odnom iz raionov Krainego Severa.

In 1991-1992, higher affection rates of diphyllobothriasis and enterobiasis were notified in some groups of the organized children living on the Pur River (the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug). The children are infected by Diphyllobothrium in infancy, the risk of infection is rather high, reinfections are observed. Among other things, this makes it necessary to perform systematic educational studies among the population in their different forms.

[The characteristics of diphyllobothriasis foci in the Pur River basin (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)]. / Osobennosti ochagov difillobotriozov v basseine reki Pur (Iamalo-Nenetskii avtonomnyi okrug).

Diphyllobothriases are spread in the population of the Pur River basin unevenly. The population on the lower Pur is affected little, but that on the upper Pur and its tributaries is affected much more. This is largely accounted for by what fishes are prevalent in the diet of the local population and how they consume fish. In the past 30 years, the infection of fish with Diphyllobothrium latum larvae and the prevalence of the population's infection have reduced in some areas of the Pur River basin. Among other things, this is associated with man-made impacts on the local water reservoirs (development of areas, gas extraction, etc.), which influences the first and second intermediate D.latum hosts.

[An analysis of the results of clinical trials of praziquantel analogs in intestinal cestode and trematode infections. 1. The treatment of intestinal cestode infections (diphyllobothriasis, taeniasis, hymenolepiasis)]. / Analiz rezul'tatov klinicheskikh ispytanii analogov prazikvantelia pri kishechnykh tsestodozakh i trematodozakh. 1. Lechenie kishechnykh tsestodozov (difillobrotrioz, teniidozy, gimenolepidoz).

The studies have demonstrated a high efficacy of prasiquantel in therapy of enteric cestodiases. No differences in the efficacy and tolerance of prasiquantel analogs manufactured by various pharmaceutic firms (azinox, CIS; pikiton, China; biltricide, Bayer, India; cesol, Merk, India; cisticide, Merk India) were detected. Prasiquantel single dose (15 mg/kg) efficacies in diphyllobothriasis, taeniarhynchiasis, and taeniasis made up 91.4, 98.5, and 100%, respectively. In hymenolepiasis the efficacy of a total dose (40 and 50 mg/kg given twice with a 10-day interval) was 88.9%.

[The level of the eosinophils in the blood, serum immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes and interferon production in patients with unilocular echinococcosis depending on the location of the cysts]. / Soderzhanie éozinofilov v krovi, syvorotochnykh immunoglobulinov, tsirkuliruiushchikh immunnykh kompleksov i produktsiia interferonov u bol'nykh odnokamernym ékhinokokkozom v zavisimosti ot lokalizatsii kist.

The correlations between blood eosinophils, serum immunoglobulins (Ig), circulating immune complexes (CIC) content, alpha- and gamma-interferon (IFN) production and HLA class I antigens were analyzed in 33 patients with hydatid disease aged 37.5 +/- 1.5 years. Direct correlation between the activity of gamma-IFN production, blood eosinophils, IgG and specific IgE content was found in patients with multiple pulmonary damage. In this group the high level of CIC correlated with the high content of IgG and specific IgE. In patients with solitary and multiple cysts in the liver in spite of high alpha- and gamma-IFN production the levels of total and specific IgE were low, IgG and CIC contents were moderate and eosinophils percent was low. In patients with combined damage of the liver and multiple cysts in the abdominal cavity high CIC production correlated directly with high total IgE content. In the total group of patients percent of HLA B5 carriers was significantly higher than in controls: 36.6 and 14.7 respectively (R = 0.01 after Fischer) that correlated with comparatively active gamma-IFN production in patients with the pulmonary and the liver cysts. The possible explanation of the different immune response in patients with the different localisation of the parasite cysts are discussed.

[An analysis of the results of clinical trials of praziquantel analogs in intestinal cestode and trematode infections. 2. The treatment of liver trematode infections (opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis) and schistosomiasis]. / Analiz rezul'tatov klinicheskikh ispytanii analogov prazikvantelia pri kishechnykh tsestodozakh i trematodozakh. Soobshchenie 2. Lechenie trematodozov pecheni (opistorkhoz i fastsiolez) i shistosomozov.

The authors did not detect any differences in the efficacies and tolerance of praziquantel analogs manufactured by various firms (azinox, Russia; pikitor, China; cesol, cisticide, biltricide, Bayer, Merk, Germany, India). These drugs were found highly effective in opisthorchiasis (87.8%) and schistosomiasis (91.7%) and ineffective in fascioliasis. The efficacy and tolerance of azinox, a drug manufactured in this country, was similar to those of its foreign analogs.

[Differences in the dynamics of the eosinophilia, blood immunoglobulin E and the level of circulating immune complexes in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis treated with different doses of praziquantel]. / Razlichiia v dinamike éozinofilii krovi, immunoglobulinemii E i soderzhaniia tsirkuliruiushchikh immunnykh kompleksov u bol'nykh khronicheskim opistorkhozom, lechennykh raznymi dozami prazikvantelia.

Sixty patients with a chronic Opisthorchis felineus infection were administered one-day therapy with praziquantel in doses 25, 40, or 60-75 mg/kg b. m. The former two doses of the drug did not much improve the levels of the examined immunologic parameters. In patients treated with the highest dose of praziquantel a significant decrease of the total and specific IgE and CIC levels, reaching that in the reference groups, was observed in 6-8 months after the treatment, this indicating a 92% efficacy of the drug in this group of patients.

[Clinical assessment of immunoglobulin E in the blood and the level of circulating immune complexes in parasitic diseases. 3. Opisthorchiasis]. / Klinicheskaia ostenka immunoglobulinemii E i urovnia tsirkuliruiushchikh kompleksov pri parazitarnykh bolezniakh. Soobshchenie 3. Opistorkhoz.

45 patients with Opisthorchis felineus infection, 8 in the acute and 37 in the chronic stage of the disease of moderate severity or mild course were treated with praziquantel dosed 25-60 mg per kilo for one-day course. Only in 4 out of 45 patients egg output was more than 1000 per gram of feces (Kato-Katz method). Blood hypereosinophilia, elevated serum IgE and CIC content (215 +/- 56 against 76 +/- 19 in control) in the acute and the tendency to elevation of IgE content with the chronic opisthorchiasis before treatment were found. Tolerance of the treatment was satisfactory. Six-eight months later in patients with acute opisthorchiasis the content of serum IgE was significantly lower but still three times higher than normal. The other parameters in both groups of patients were normal.