ABSTRACT
Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormal alkaline phosphatase activity and deficiency of bone and teeth mineralization. Hypophosphatasia is well known in pediatrics with typical presentations in children, but mild forms can also be present in adults and are difficult to detect. We present the case of a 50-year-old woman referred for pain management, with a previous diagnosis of fibromyalgia. The association of clinical features (diffuse pain syndrome, early dental loosening, personal history of two fractures with osteoporosis, and family history of osteoporosis) with radiographic (heterotopic calcifications of the yellow and interspinous lumbar ligaments) and biological (low levels of total alkaline phosphatase) indices was suggestive of hypophosphatasia, which was confirmed by genetic analysis. We review and discuss the association between hypophosphatasia, musculoskeletal pain, and calcium pyrophosphate deposition and the importance of raising the diagnosis of adult-onset hypophosphatasia when facing these two rheumatologic entities.
ABSTRACT
The Ehlers Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a heterogenous group of inherited connective tissue disorders characterized by generalized joint hypermobility and instability, tissue fragility and multiple functional disorders. The EDS hypermobility type (hEDS) is the most common but the mildest subtype of EDS and is defined by joint involvement. hSED diagnosis is based on clinical criteria because no genetic factors nor molecular basis have yet been identified. Since chronic pain constitutes one of hESD main symptoms, the diagnosis is frequently suspected although the syndrome is rare, with a prevalence estimated to be 1/10.000. An expert clinical evaluation is therefore necessary in order to establish an accurate diagnosis. This allows the implementation of physical therapy which is the only treatment that has proven efficacious in reducing joint instability, generalized pain and secondary osteoarthritis.
Les syndromes d'Ehlers Danlos (SED) sont un groupe hétérogène de maladies héréditaires du tissu conjonctif, caractérisées par une hypermobilité et une instabilité articulaires généralisées, une fragilité des tissus et de multiples troubles fonctionnels. La forme hypermobile du SED (hSED) est le sous-type le plus fréquent, mais le moins sévère des SED. Elle se présente essentiellement sous forme de manifestations articulaires. Le diagnostic du hSED repose sur des critères cliniques, aucun facteur génétique ni base moléculaire n'ayant été identifiés à ce jour. La douleur chronique étant l'un des symptômes principaux du hSED, le diagnostic est souvent évoqué alors que le syndrome est rare, la prévalence étant estimée à 1/10.000. Une expertise clinique est nécessaire afin d'établir un diagnostic correct. Ceci permet la mise en route d'une rééducation kinésithérapique, seul traitement ayant démontré son efficacité pour contrôler les symptômes et réduire l'instabilité articulaire et l'arthrose secondaire.
