ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or increased albumin excretion leading to renal injury. However, exercise training is an important non-pharmacological intervention that ameliorates and protects against Diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and CKD. AIM: Our aim was to evaluate the capability of resistance exercise training (RET) to improve CKD outcomes and the contribution of the renal and muscular Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for RET beneficial effects on a CKD model. MAIN METHODS: Male Wistar rats were subjected to RET, followed for 10 weeks, and randomly divided into 5 groups: Sham: Sham-operated; sedentary and nephrectomy (5/6Nx) (SNS); exercising post-5/6Nx (SNE); exercising pre-5/6Nx (ENS); exercising pre- and post-5/6Nx (ENE). The systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured. Creatinine, proteinuria, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were evaluated. After euthanasia Renal and muscular Akt/mTOR signaling pathways were analyzed. KEY FINDING: Our study showed that the SNS presented renal injury, hypertension, weight and muscular mass loss and a higher mortality rate. SNS group also decreased renal IL-10 and increased TNF-alfa and TGF-Beta. Renal AKT, mTOR, and rpS6 pathway were increased, PTEN was decreased on SNS. And muscular Akt and mTOR were decreased on SNS. SIGNIFICANCE: The RET before and after the 5/6Nx ameliorates all these parameters mentioned above, suggesting that RET is a good non-pharmacological approach to diminish complications frequently found in CKD. We also suggest that the AKT-m-TOR pathway can play an important role in these beneficial outcomes of RET on the CKD animal model.
Subject(s)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Resistance Training , Animals , Creatine/analogs & derivatives , Creatine/blood , Creatine/urine , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Nephrectomy , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus and its complications have become a major health concern in Western countries. Increased activity of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to diabetic nephropathy (DN). We previously reported that in mesangial cells, the high glucose concentration (HG) leads to upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) messenger RNA, suggesting that ACE was modulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) release. However, this relation in the collecting duct has not yet been studied. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate RAS modulation in inner medullary collecting duct cells (IMCD) exposed to HG. The IMCD were divided into normal glucose (5 mM D-glucose, NG), high glucose (30 mM, HG), and mannitol (30 mM, M) groups. The cells were cultured 48 hr in their respective media. The intracellular and extracellular ACE activity was measured using hippuryl-His-Leu as substrate via a fluorimetric assay and expression was analyzed using western blot analysis. ACE activity, intracellular (27%) and extracellular (22%), was significantly lower in the HG group than in NG and M. ACE2 activity and Ang 1-7 levels were higher in the intracellular compartment. Our data suggest that the HG cannot modify ACE synthesis in IMCD cells but can modulate its activity. The decrease in ACE activity may result in decreased levels of Ang II to protect the IMCD against proliferative and inflammatory deleterious effects of this peptide. Conversely, the increase of ACE2 generating high levels of Ang 1-7, a vasodilator peptide, suggesting that this peptide can induce glucose uptake and protect cells against oxidative stress, which can elicit insulin resistance.
Subject(s)
Glucose/toxicity , Kidney Tubules, Collecting/drug effects , Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects , Angiotensin I/metabolism , Angiotensin II/metabolism , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 , Animals , Cell Line , Kidney Tubules, Collecting/metabolism , Kidney Tubules, Collecting/pathology , Mice , Peptide Fragments/metabolism , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolismABSTRACT
AIMS: This study sought to investigate the metabolic, hemodynamic and autonomic responses in adult rats exposed to high-fat diet since post-weaning. MAIN METHODS: Young male Wistar rats were assigned into groups fed with standard normal diet (3% lipids; ND, n=8) or high-fat diet (30% lipids; HD, n=8) during 8weeks. Body composition, food intake, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were determined. Hemodynamic and autonomic evaluations were performed. Renin angiotensin system and nitric oxide were also studied by pharmacological blockades. KEY FINDINGS: HD group showed no difference in body weight, total cholesterol, food intake in calories and insulin concentration, but visceral fat pads weight, triglycerides and leptin were higher in HD group. Moreover, HD group decreased adiponectin level, increased 12% of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and 6% of heart rate compared with ND group. Spectral analyses showed an increase in cardiovascular sympathetic modulation in HD compared with ND group. Depressor responses after losartan were higher in HD compared with ND group: -9±0.7 vs.-3±1.6mmHg. Pressor responses after l-NAME were higher in HD compared with ND: 45±8 vs. 32±5mmHg. SIGNIFICANCE: High-fat diet consumption during early period of life can increase WAT mass and MAP. These alterations may be mediated by an augment in sympathetic activity associated with higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels. These cardiometabolic damages can lead to the development of hypertension and increase cardiovascular risk in adulthood.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular System/physiopathology , Diet, High-Fat , Metabolism , Weaning , Adiposity , Animals , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Weight GainABSTRACT
The authors studied the cervical enamel projection (CEP) in 1903 extracted permanent molars. The incidence of CEP was greater on the buccal and lingual surfaces than on the mesial and distal surfaces and occurred more frequently in maxillary molars than in mandibular molars.
Subject(s)
Dental Enamel/anatomy & histology , Molar/anatomy & histology , Tooth Root/anatomy & histology , Brazil , Humans , Molar, Third/anatomy & histology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Various types of pulmonary eosinophilia have been known for several years. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (original word for Christoforidis and Molnar 1960) is a rare entity whose diagnosis is possible through clinical, laboratory and radiological data. Other non sophisticated data-CAT, bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, transthoracic biopsy and even thoracotomy can be used. Seriousness can be very high, demanding an urgent diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Pulmonary Eosinophilia/diagnosis , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Eosinophilia/drug therapy , Remission Induction , Time Factors , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A detailed comparison between a low-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity and a typical two-beam interferometer is developed and checked experimentally. The consequences of approximating the true Fabry-Perot function by the two-beam function are evaluated for commonly used signal-processing schemes in order to quantify the final error introduced in various fiber sensing schemes employing this configuration.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Benzamides , Dyspepsia , Metoclopramide , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
O trabalho representa estudo sobre PA, dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, e simplesmente analisado o grupo de 52 pacientes que lhe servem de base e o resultado do tipo de terapeutica a ele aplicado. A seguir, sao colocados e debitados variados aspectos da patologia, especialmente, em termos de diagnostico e seus avancos e do tratamento e suas variaveis. E ressaltada a relacao lesao pancreatica-gravidade do quadro, ficando definida a importancia da gradacao dos pacientes. Sao tambem discutidos os pontos controversos do tratamento cirurgico, no que tange a selecao do doente e do tipo de operacao a ser indicada
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , PancreatitisABSTRACT
Os autores estudam a pancreatite aguda biliar, dela abordando inicialmente a patogenia. Sao analisados 18 casos operados.Primeiramente e levantada a copia de fatores etiologicos, dentro da area biliar.Fica ressaltado que a maioria dos pacientes apresentam micro-calculos, que se responsabilizam pela eclosao do processo; neste caso, o sexo mais atingido e o feminino e a faixa etaria mais baixa. Quando a razao causal de pancreatite e a lesao ampular, a distribuicao entre os sexos e identica e a idade atingida, mais elevada. Na maioria dos casos a lesao pancreatica e do tipo edematosa e o quadro clinico, benigno. A evolucao no sentido da necrose e da cronificacao pode ocorrer: no presente material ocorreu um exemplo de cada eventualidade.E defendida, portanto a indicacao cirurgica precoce, com o objetivo de evitar semelhante evolucao maligna. Sao apresentados os resultados, onde pontificam um obito e 2 pacientes com morbilidade devida a estenose papilar
