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1.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med ; 30(9): 1096-1101, 2017 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27333822

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: There are limited data regarding Xpert performance to detect Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in HIV-infected pregnant women. We evaluated the accuracy of a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in a cohort of HIV-infected women. METHODS: At 35-37 weeks of pregnancy, a pair of combined rectovaginal swabs were collected for two GBS assays in a cohort of sequentially included HIV-infected women in Rio de Janeiro: (1) culture; and (2) real-time PCR assay [GeneXpert GBS (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA)]. Using culture as the reference, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative-likelihood ratios were estimated. RESULTS: From June 2012 to February 2015, 337 pregnant women met inclusion criteria. One woman was later excluded, due to failure to obtain a result in the index test; 336 were included in the analyses. The GBS colonization rate was 19.04%. Sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert GBS assay were 85.94% (95% CI: 75.38-92.42) and 94.85% (95% CI: 91.55-96.91), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 79.71% (95% CI: 68.78-87.51) and 96.63% (95% CI: 93.72-98.22), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GeneXpert GBS is an acceptable test for the identification of GBS colonization in HIV-infected pregnant women and represents a reasonable option to detect GBS colonization in settings where culture is not feasible.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Adult , Female , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Mass Screening/economics , Mass Screening/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Prospective Studies , Streptococcal Infections/complications , Streptococcus agalactiae/genetics , Time Factors , Vagina/microbiology , Viral Load/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
2.
J Clin Microbiol ; 53(12): 3894-6, 2015 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26400790

ABSTRACT

Molecular methodologies were used to identify 28 Achromobacter spp. from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified 17 Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolates (all bla(OXA-114) positive), nine Achromobacter ruhlandii isolates (all bla(OXA-114) positive), one Achromobacter dolens isolate, and one Achromobacter insuavis isolate. All less common species were misidentified as A. xylosoxidans by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Chronic colonization by clonally related A. ruhlandii isolates was demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Achromobacter/classification , Achromobacter/genetics , Cystic Fibrosis/complications , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Multilocus Sequence Typing/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Achromobacter/isolation & purification , Humans , beta-Lactamases/genetics
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