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1.
Rev. iberoam. micol ; 34(1): 36-42, ene.-mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-160733

ABSTRACT

Background. Lecanicillium fungicola causes dry bubble disease in Agaricus bisporus mushrooms leading to significant economic losses in commercial production. Aims. To monitor the infection process of L. fungicola in Brazilian strains of A. bisporus. Methods. The interaction between the mycelium of L. fungicola (LF.1) and three strains of A. bisporus (ABI 7, ABI 11/14 and ABI 11/21) was studied. Electron microscopy and X-ray microanalyses of vegetative growth and basidiocarp infection were evaluated. Results. Micrographs show that the vegetative mycelium of the Brazilian strains of A. bisporus is not infected by the parasite. The images show that the pathogen can interlace the hyphae of A. bisporus without causing damage, which contributes to the presence of L. fungicola during the substrate colonization, allowing their presence during primordial formation of A. bisporus. In the basidiocarp, germ tubes form within 16h of infection with L. fungicola and the beginning of penetration takes place within 18h, both without the formation of specialized structures. Conclusions. Scanning electron microscopy enabled the process of colonization and reproduction to be observed within the formation of phialides, conidiophores and verticils of L. fungicola. The formation of calcium oxalate crystals by the pathogen was also visible using the X-ray microanalysis, both at the hyphae in the Petri plate and at basidiocarp infection site (AU)


Antecedentes. Lecanicillium fungicola es el agente causal de la enfermedad de la mole seca en Agaricus bisporus, responsable de importantes pérdidas económicas en la producción comercial de esta seta. Objetivos. Comprobar el proceso de infección de L. fungicola en cepas brasileñas de A. bisporus. Métodos. Se estudió la interacción entre el micelio de L. fungicola (LF.1) y tres cepas de A. bisporus (ABI 7, ABI 11/14 y ABI 11/21). Se evaluaron mediante microscopia electrónica y microanálisis de rayos X el crecimiento vegetativo y la infección de los basidiocarpos. Resultados. Las micrografías muestran que el micelio vegetativo de las cepas brasileñas de A. bisporus no resultó afectado por la infección del parásito. Las imágenes muestran también cómo el agente patógeno puede entrelazar las hifas de A. bisporus sin causar daños, lo que contribuye a la perpetuación de L. fungicola durante la colonización del sustrato y durante la formación de los primordios de A. bisporus. En el basidiocarpo, los tubos germinales se forman después de 16h de la infección con L. fungicola y el comienzo de la penetración tiene lugar tras 18h, sin formación de estructuras especializadas. Conclusiones. La microscopia electrónica permite observar el proceso de colonización y reproducción con la formación de fiálides, conidióforos y verticilos de L. fungicola. La formación de cristales de oxalato de calcio por parte del agente patógeno también fue visible mediante el microanálisis por rayos X, tanto en la infección de las hifas en placa de Petri como en la de los basidiocarpos (AU)


Subject(s)
Agaricus campestris/isolation & purification , Electron Probe Microanalysis/instrumentation , Electron Probe Microanalysis/trends , Microscopy, Electron/instrumentation , Microscopy, Electron/methods , Process Assessment, Health Care/standards , Electron Probe Microanalysis/methods , Electron Probe Microanalysis , Calcium Oxalate/therapeutic use , Fungi/isolation & purification
2.
Ciênc. rural ; 37(1): 7-12, jan.-fev. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-440063

ABSTRACT

O comportamento da tangerineira "Ponkan", da tangoreira "Murcot" e da laranjeira "Valência" inoculadas artificialmente com dois isolados de Dothiorella gregaria foi avaliado sob diferentes épocas do ano, estados nutricionais e fenológicos. No período compreendido entre os meses de novembro a dezembro, em fase posterior à colheita dos frutos, as plantas mostraram-se mais afetadas pelos isolados do fungo. "Ponkan" mostrou-se mais afetada, seguida por "Murcot" e "Valência", observando-se a mesma suscetibilidade das espécies nos diferentes períodos, porém com maior severidade da doença sob condições de elevada precipitação e umidade relativa. As plantas que apresentaram menores teores de Ca e Zn atingiram maiores índices de lesão, ocasião em que se encontravam em fase posterior à colheita. Os resultados indicam o efeito da época de inoculação na severidade da gomose causada por D. gregaria e confirmam a predisposição de plantas mais debilitadas nutricionalmente.


The behavior of the mandarin 'Ponkan', tangor 'Murcot' and orange 'Valência', artificially inoculated with two isolates of the Dothiorella gregaria, was evaluated under different seasons of the year an under nutritional and phenological states. During the period between december and november, in a subsequent phase of harvesting of the fruits, the plants had showed more affected by the isolated fungus. 'Ponkan' revealed to be more affected, followed by 'Murcot' and 'Valência'. The suscetibility of the species showed more severity of the disease under favorable conditions. The plants showing lower contents of Ca and Zn reached the highest rates of lesion, and they were in the subsequent phase of harvesting. The results indicated the effect of the inoculation time in the severity of gomosis caused by D. gregaria and confirm the predisposition of the weakened plants nutritionaly.

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