ABSTRACT
Macrophages are cells of high plasticity and can act in different ways to ensure that the appropriate immune response remains controlled. This study shows the effects of the C-type Bothrops jararacussu venom lectin (BJcuL) on the activation of human macrophages derived from the U937 cell line. BJcuL binds on the cell surface, and this event is inhibited by its specific carbohydrate. It induced phagocytosis and production of H2O2, and expression of antigen presentation molecules. It also enhanced the production of TNF-α, GM-CSF and IL-6 by macrophages and indirectly induced T cells to an increased production of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 in the presence of LPS. Our results suggest that BJcuL can modulate macrophage functional activation towards an M1 state.
Subject(s)
Crotalid Venoms/toxicity , Macrophages/drug effects , Coculture Techniques , Cytokines/metabolism , Humans , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Lectins, C-Type , Lipopolysaccharides , Macrophages/metabolism , Macrophages/physiology , Monocytes/cytology , Phagocytosis/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , U937 CellsABSTRACT
As fraturas do antebraço na criança são freqüentes e, dentre estas, as mais comuns são as que acometem seu terço distal. De evolução normalmente favorável, poucos cuidados demandam além da correta imobilização, que pode ser ou não precedida de redução. Algumas vezes, no entanto, podem sofrer uma deformidade dorsal t¡pica, que, dependendo do grau de angulação volar, leva à indicação de procedimentos corretivos sob anestesia, como a caloclasia e redução, ou a redução aberta ou fechada seguida de fixação. Os autores discutem os mais conhecidos fatores causais relacionados com o aparecimento do desvio dorsal e sugerem a poss¡vel influência mecânica do comprimento relativo da ulna em relação ao rádio, com especial enfoque à articulação radioulnar distal. Recomendam maior atenção nas fraturas do terço distal do antebraço, especialmente nas fraturas "isoladas" do rádio nos pacientes portadores da variante ulna minus, em que permanece ¡ntegra a articulação radioulnar distal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Radius Fractures/therapyABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to trace a parallel between the medical discourse content and the expected and stereotyped nurses behavior at the beginning of the twentieth century. It is a historic-social approach in which authors analysed the speeches used by nurses and physicians at nursing and medicine schools. The analysis of the physicians discourse compared to nurses discourse revealed the formation of a mentality shaped by the medical power that wanted them "holy" and servile.
Subject(s)
History of Nursing , Models, Nursing , Physician-Nurse Relations , Professional Autonomy , Authoritarianism , Brazil , England , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Job Description , Power, PsychologicalABSTRACT
The purpose is to trace a parallel between the medical discourse contents and the expected and stereotyped nurses behavior at the beginning of the twentieth century. It is a historic-social approach in which was made use of speeches uttered by nurses and physicians at nursing and medicine schools. The analysis of physicians discourse compared to nurses discourse disclose the formation of a mentality shaped and turned docile by the medical power which wanted them holy and servile.
