ABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown a correlation between 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway up-regulation and cardiovascular risk. Despite the existence of several assays for products of the 5-LO pathway, a reliable method for clinical determination of 5-LO activity remains to be established. In the present communication, we report conditions that allow measurement of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the blood of atherosclerosis patients before and after stimulation by the calcium ionophore, A23187. LTB(4), a potent mediator of inflammation-linked cardiovascular disease, was measured using an existing competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit after making specific methodological improvements that allowed PBMCs to be used in this format for the first time. LTB(4) was also measured by LC/MS/MS along with 5-HETE, a direct by-product of the action of 5-LO on arachidonic acid and a molecule for which no commercial EIA kit exists. The LC/MS/MS assay was validated over a range of 0.025-25ng/mL for LTB(4) and 0.1-25ng/mL for 5-HETE. The EIA method has a validated range covering 0.025-4ng/mL. When both assays were applied to analyze LTB(4) from stimulated PBMCs isolated from 25 subjects with various degrees of atherosclerosis, a high correlation was obtained (r=0.9426, Pearson's correlation coefficient). A high correlation was also observed between the levels of LTB(4) and 5-HETE measured by LC/MS/MS after ionophore stimulation (r=0.9159). Details are presented for optimized sample collection, processing, storage, and analysis in accordance with the logistical demands of clinical analysis.
Subject(s)
Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase/blood , Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase/metabolism , Immunoenzyme Techniques/methods , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology , Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase/genetics , Calcimycin/metabolism , Calcimycin/pharmacology , Chromatography, Liquid , Humans , Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/genetics , Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/metabolism , Ionophores/metabolism , Ionophores/pharmacology , Leukotriene B4/analysis , Leukotriene B4/genetics , Leukotriene B4/metabolism , Reproducibility of Results , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Temperature , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of atomoxetine and its metabolites (4-hydroxyatomoxetine, N-des-methylatomoxetine, and 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide) has been developed for human plasma and urine. Using stable-labeled internal standards, the method proved to be accurate and precise for the analytes in all species, resulting in inter-batch accuracy (percent relative error, %RE) within 100+/-13% and inter-batch precision (relative standard deviation, %RSD) within 11%. Stability was demonstrated for the analytes in neat solutions and the reconstitution solvent, as well as plasma and urine (with or without the deconjugation reagent). The method was simple, robust (utilized for the analysis of several hundred clinical study samples), and amenable to high sample throughput.
