ABSTRACT
Clopidogrel and aspirin are the most commonly used medications worldwide for dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. However, clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness related to gene polymorphisms is a concern. Populations with higher degrees of genetic admixture may have increased prevalence of clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness. To assess this, we genotyped CYP2C19, ABCB1, and PON1 in 187 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Race was self-defined by patients. We also performed light transmission aggregometry with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid during dual antiplatelet therapy. We found a significant difference for presence of the CYP2C19*2 polymorphism between white and non-white patients. Although 7% of patients had platelet resistance to clopidogrel, this did not correlate with any of the tested genetic polymorphisms. We did not find platelet resistance to aspirin in this cohort. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with PON1 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms had higher light transmission after ADP aggregometry than patients with native alleles. There was no preponderance of any race in patients with higher light transmission aggregometry. In brief, PON1 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms were associated with lower clopidogrel responsiveness in this sample. Despite differences in CYP2C19 polymorphisms across white and non-white patients, genetic admixture by itself was not able to identify clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness.
Subject(s)
Aspirin/pharmacology , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology , Ticlopidine/analogs & derivatives , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics , Alleles , Aryldialkylphosphatase/genetics , Clopidogrel , Coronary Artery Disease/genetics , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19/genetics , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Polymorphism, Genetic , Prospective Studies , Ticlopidine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The main aim of the present study was to detect bovine fetal DNA in the maternal circulation, a relatively unexplored subject in the literature. STUDY DESIGN: DNA was extracted from blood of 84 primipara cows (Bos indicus) at different gestational ages (30-270 days) and from 100 adult animals (50 males and 50 non-pregnant cows). The samples were analyzed using PCR with primers for TSPY gene. RESULTS: Molecular results matched the fetal phenotypic gender in all 47 male and 37 female fetuses, including early pregnancy, and in control animals. CONCLUSIONS: These results evidence a bovine transplacental fetal DNA passage.
