ABSTRACT
In patients with Mansoni schistosomiasis, it is fundamental to evaluate the disease morbidity, which is reflected by the severity of periportal fibrosis (PPF) and parameters of portal hypertension, as analyzed by ultrasonography (US). This study aimed to evaluate the morbidity of schistosomiasis by hepatic and splenic point shear-wave elastography (pSWE) and relate this to US parameters. The PPF pattern, the diameter of the portal and splenic veins and the size of the spleen were evaluated by US. Then, liver and spleen pSWEs were assessed in 74 patients using the same equipment. As the PPF pattern progressed, the splenic pSWE values significantly increased. Significant correlations between splenic pSWE, the longitudinal and transverse lengths of the spleen and the diameters of the portal and splenic veins were observed. These findings, however, were not observed through hepatic pSWE. In conclusion, the splenic pSWE has the potential for assessing morbidity in schistosomiasis mansoni.
Subject(s)
Elasticity Imaging Techniques , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/diagnostic imaging , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnostic imaging , Splenic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Splenic Diseases/parasitology , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the main neuroimaging findings of microcephalic newborns with possible Zika virus (ZIKV) intrauterine infection using transfontanellar cranial ultrasound. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study to describe the main neuroimaging findings in newborns with microcephaly and possible association with congenital ZIKV infection. Microcephaly was defined in the postnatal period using transfontanellar cranial examination which was performed using both two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty newborns with microcephaly were identified during the study period. The mean ± (standard deviation - SD) of cephalic perimeter was 28.5 ± 4.2 cm (range, 25-38 cm). Transfontanellar neuroimaging patterns detected cerebral calcifications, neuronal migrational abnormalities, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, and cerebellar atrophy in 34.9%, 31.1%, 26%, and 16.2%, respectively. Hydrocephalus was seen in 28% of overall newborns. A history of maculopapular rash was present in almost half of the mothers (46.1%). CONCLUSION: Neuroimaging patterns by means of transfontanellar ultrasound are accurate and diagnostic investigations of brain pathology in newborns affected by microcephaly and possible intrauterine ZIKV infection.
Subject(s)
Cranial Fontanelles/diagnostic imaging , Microcephaly/diagnosis , Neuroimaging/methods , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis , Cranial Fontanelles/pathology , Female , Humans , Hydrocephalus/diagnosis , Hydrocephalus/virology , Infant, Newborn , Male , Microcephaly/virology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography/methods , Zika Virus/physiology , Zika Virus Infection/congenitalABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Total absence of superior vena cava (ASVC) is a very rare anomaly, and the patient usually suffers from superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) or conduction disturbances. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report a 36-year-old white male, born and living in Brazil, without comorbidities presented to hematologist thrombotic episodes even under anticoagulant therapy. On his first hematologic appointment, he had no active complaints except by the fullness after meals, and his physical examination presented remarkable collateral circulation in the chest. DIAGNOSES: Congenital ASVC associated with factor V Leiden mutation. OUTCOMES: In his magnetic resonance angiography of the thorax, a great amount of collateral circulation and communication of the azygos and hemiazygos veins with inferior vena cava were evident, as well as the absence of the upper cava vein. Furthermore, heterozygous genetic mutation was found for Leiden factor V. LESSONS: This case gives us the lesson that we need to include ASVC in the differential diagnosis of SVCS. The importance of the V-Leiden factor as a joint risk with this congenital defect for venous thromboembolism episodes was also highlighted.
Subject(s)
Factor V/genetics , Mutation , Vascular Malformations/pathology , Vena Cava, Superior/abnormalities , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Adult , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Azygos Vein/abnormalities , Azygos Vein/diagnostic imaging , Brazil , Collateral Circulation , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatal Outcome , Heterozygote , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Male , Superior Vena Cava Syndrome/diagnosis , Superior Vena Cava Syndrome/etiology , Thorax/blood supply , Thorax/diagnostic imaging , Thorax/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Vascular Malformations/complications , Vascular Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Vena Cava, Superior/pathology , Venous Thrombosis/etiologyABSTRACT
Racional - Embora muito estudada, a esquistossomose hepatoesplênica não apresenta referência sobre o padrão da curva de velocidade da veia hepática direita e o índice de congestão portal. Obejetivo - Avaliar as diferenças entre quatro métodos utilizados para o cálculo do volume de fluxo na veia porta e o índice de congestão portal, variando o tipo de velocidade empregada e a forma para obtenção da seção transversal da veia porta. Casuística e Método - Realizou-se estudo da hemodinâmica portal através da ultrassonografia associada ao Doppler colorido em dois grupos, sendo o primeiro composto por 23 portadores de esquistossomose hepatoesplênica com antecedente de hemorragia digestiva, sem outras doenças hepáticas associadas e o grupo controle formado por 13 voluntários sadios. Resultados - Houve diferença estatisticamente significante com relação a forma de se calcular o volume do fluxo na veia porta, sugerindo que há discordância entre estes métodos. Na comparação entre os dois grupos, o volume de fluxo na veia porta variou de forma significante, apenas quando se considerava que a seção transversal do vaso correspondesse a um círculo, o que não ocorreu quando assumia-se que a seção transversal fosse uma eclipse. Para o seção transversal, apesar de valores médios diferentes entre as quatro formas de mensuração empregados, houve diferença significante entre os grupos, independentemente dos métodos de aferição utilizados. Conclusão - Congestão portal representa bom índice para o diagnóstico da hipertensão portal, não interferindo a forma das suas variáveis, a velocidade e a seção transversal do vaso.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Schistosomiasis mansoni/physiopathology , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Portal Vein , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Blood Volume/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Hypertension, Portal/physiopathology , Hypertension, PortalABSTRACT
Os autores descrevem um caso de pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa em rim em ferradura numa paciente de 8 anos de idade. Na revisäo da literatura recente os casos dessa doença predominam em adultos, na quarta e quinta décadas, sendo ressaltada a baixa incidência em crianças, bem como a inexistência de relatos da associaçäo de rim em ferradura com pielonefrite xantogranulomatosa. Foi enfatizada a utilizaçäo de diversos métodos de diagnóstico por imagem e a associaçäo com a história clínica e exames laboratoriais para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico definitivo, que em alguns casos só pode ser definido após o tratamento cirúrgico e o exame histopatológico
