ABSTRACT
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is among the four most common causes of infant mortality in Latin America. Pulse oximetry screening (POS) is useful for early diagnosis and improved outcomes of critical CHD. Here, we describe POS implementation efforts in Latin American countries guided and/or coordinated by the Ibero American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN), as well as the unique challenges that are faced for universal implementation. SIBEN collaborates to improve the neonatal quality of care and outcomes. A few years ago, a Clinical Consensus on POS was finalized. Since then, we have participated in 12 Latin American countries to educate neonatal nurses and neonatologists on POS and to help with its implementation. The findings reveal that despite wide disparities in care that exist between and within countries, and the difficulties and challenges in implementing POS, significant progress has been made. We conclude that universal POS is not easy to implement in Latin America but, when executed, has not only been of significant value for babies with CHD, but also for many with other hypoxemic conditions. The successful and universal implementation of POS in the future is essential for reducing the mortality associated with CHD and other hypoxemic conditions and will ultimately lead to the survival of many more Latin American babies. POS saves newborns' lives in Latin America.
ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Oxygen is a neonatal health hazard that should be avoided in clinical practice. In this review, an international team of neonatologists and nurses assessed oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) targeting in preterm infants and evaluated the potential weaknesses of randomised clinical trials. CONCLUSION: SpO2 of 85-89% can increase mortality and 91-95% can cause hyperoxia and ill effects. Neither of these ranges can be recommended, and wider intermediate targets, such as 87-94% or 88-94%, may be safer.
Subject(s)
Hyperoxia/prevention & control , Hypoxia/prevention & control , Infant, Premature/blood , Intensive Care, Neonatal/standards , Oxygen/blood , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Monitoring, Physiologic , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Se reportan los resultados finales de un estudio prospectivo doble ciego, aplicado para evaluar la utilidad de indometacina endovenosa profiláctica versus placebo (solución fisiológica) en la prevención de la hemorragia subependimaria/intraventricular (HSE/IV) realizado en neonatos pretérmino, de 28 a 36 semanas de gestación, que requirieron ventilación mecánica convencional y que a su ingreso a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales no presentaban HSE/IV evaluada por ultrasonido. De un total de 12,028 recién nacidos, se estudiaron 80 casos, 40 para el grupo control y 40 para el grupo problema. Ambos grupos fueron homogéneos para: peso, sexo, edad gestacional, vía de nacimiento, apgar y tiempo de ruptura de membranas. En morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal se presentó con mayor frecuencia el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria, sepsis e hiperbilirrubinemia multifactorial. El grupo placebo tuvo mayor presentación de persistencia de conducto arterioso (PCA) (P<0.01) y mayor mortalidad (P<0.01). No se observaron diferencias en las variables ventilatorias, hemodinámicas ni de gases arteriales. El grupo con indometacina presentó diferencias en las cifras de glucosa, plaquetas y densidad urinaria; sin embargo, los resultados nunca excedieron las variantes normales. No se encontró diferencia en la frecuencia de la HSE/IV pero se observó mayor grado de severidad para el grupo placebo (P<0.01). Se concluye que la administración de indometacina en las primeras 12 horas de vida y con las dosis empleadas no proviene la HSE/IV, pero disminuye la severidad de la misma. Por otro lado, también se asoció menor mortalidad y menor frecuencia de PCA
