ABSTRACT
The present study describes Oligogonotylusandinus sp. nov. and its life cycle from a rural fish farm in Sopetrán, Antioquia, Colombia. The endemic species of snail Aroapyrguscolombiensis and the fishes Poeciliacaucana and Andinoacaralatifrons are identified as the first intermediate host, the second intermediate host and the definitive host, respectively. The new species was defined through an integrative approach, combining the traditional morphology of its developmental stages with molecular analyses of the markers ITS2 from ribosomal DNA and COI from mitochondrial DNA. This new species can be distinguished from its congeners by genetic divergence, the position of the vitelline fields, and the number of gonotyls. This work represents the first report of a species of this genus in South America.
ABSTRACT
A new species of temnocephalan is described from the branchial chambers of Valdivia serrata in Colombia as Temnocephala ivandarioi sp. nov. The most distinctive characters of the new species are in the cirrus and the epidermal 'excretory' syncytial plates. In the present study, the terminology to describe the cirrus of species of Temnocephala is updated. Comparison between the shape of the cirrus of the temnocephalans associated with trichodactylid crabs is also provided.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Neste estudo, foi avaliado o desempenho de um reator em bateladas sequenciais com biofilme de leito móvel operado pelo processo anaeróbio-anóxico-óxico (A2O), aplicado à remoção simultânea de material orgânico, nitrogênio e fósforo de esgoto sanitário. Utilizaram-se dois reatores com volume útil de 36 L cada, sendo que um deles recebeu anéis plásticos móveis do tipo Kaldnes®, com área superficial específica estimada em 310 m2/m3 que ocuparam 50% do volume útil do reator (denominado aqui de MBSBBR). O estudo foi conduzido com tempo de retenção de sólidos (TRS) de 12 dias, tempo de retenção hidráulico (TRH) de 6 horas, taxa de alimento/microrganismo (A/M) de 0,4 a 0,5 gDQO/SSV.d, oxigênio dissolvido (OD) na faixa de 0,3-0,8 mgO2/L e taxas de aplicação de carga orgânica, nitrogênio e fósforo de 47,2 gDQO/L.d, 5,4 gNTK/L.d e 0,4 gP/L.d, respectivamente. Os resultados de eficiência de remoção de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), N-NH3 e fósforo foram de 91,1, 90,5 e 85,4% para o reator MBSBBR e de 89,5, 91,6 e 84,4% para o reator RBS, respectivamente. Os resultados do teste estatístico de ANOVA foram aplicados às principais variáveis estudadas, e os valores convergiram para valores de f observado < f crítico . Dessa forma, considera-se que houve similaridade de desempenho nos reatores MBSBBR e RBS. Conclui-se que a introdução do meio suporte não trouxe benefícios ao tratamento em termos de remoção de nutrientes. No entanto, o estudo mostrou que é possível de se obter elevada remoção de nitrogênio, em baixas concentrações de OD, o que se torna vantajoso para o tratamento de esgoto com elevada concentração de nitrogênio.
ABSTRACT In this study, the performance of a reactor in sequential batch with mobile bed biofilm operated by the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process, applied to the simultaneous removal of organic material, nitrogen and phosphorus from sanitary sewage was evaluated. Two reactors with a useful volume of 36 liters each were used, one of them receiving Kaldnes® type mobile plastic rings, with a specific surface area estimated at 310 m2/m3, which occupied 50% of the reactor's useful volume (MBSBBR). The study was conducted with 12-day solid retention time (SRT), 6 hour hydraulic retention time (HRT), food/microorganism (F/M) ratio of 0.4 to 0.5 gCOD/VSS.d, dissolved oxygen (DO) in the range of 0.3-0.8 mgO2/L and application rates of organic load, nitrogen and phosphorus of 47.2 gCOD/L.d, 5.4 gTNK/L.d and 0.4 gP/L.d, respectively. The efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), N-NH3 and Phosphorus removal was of 91.1%, 90.5% and 85.4% for the MBSBBR reactor and 89.5%, 91.6% and 84.4% for the RBS reactor, respectively. The results of the statistical ANOVA test were applied to the main variables studied and the values converged to values of f observed < f critical . In this way, it is considered that there was a similarity of performance between the MBSBBR and RBS reactors. It is concluded that the introduction of the support medium did not bring benefits to the treatment in terms of nutrient removal. However, the study showed that it is possible to obtain high nitrogen removal at low concentrations of DO, which is advantageous for the sewage treatment with high nitrogen concentration.
ABSTRACT
Paragonimiasis is a subacute to chronic inflammatory granulomatous lung disease caused by the genus Paragonimus. In Latin America Paragonimus mexicanus Miyazaki & Ishii, 1968 is the only confirmed species to cause human infections. Paragonimus caliensis Little, 1968 is an uncommon species often regarded as a synonym of P. mexicanus. Recently, the study of two types of Paragonimus metacercariae from Costa Rica has provided new molecular and morphological evidence that P. caliensis is a separate species from P. mexicanus. In the present study, molecular, morphological and phylogenetic tools have been used to characterize two populations of Paragonimus located at west of Medellin, Antioquia and at Pichinde, Valle del Cauca (type locality of P. caliensis), Colombia. Adults and metacercariae obtained from Medellin, and metacercariae from Pichinde were analyzed. For morphological observations we used light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphology of metacercariae and adults matched with the holotype of P. caliensis. The number and arrangement of sensory papillae in the acetabulum region differs from the morphotypes reported for P. caliensis in Costa Rica. Two morphotypes in branching patterns of ovary and two morphotypes in branching patterns of testes were identified. The main morphological differences between P. caliensis and P. mexicanus corresponded to the size of gonads and their relative positions in the body, and the occasional presence of a cyst wall in P. caliensis metacercariae. The molecular and phylogenetic analyses (using nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 CO1 sequences) confirmed that P. caliensis from the type locality is the same species from Medellin and Costa Rica. Furthermore, these analyses also suggest genetic as well as geographical separation of P. caliensis populations between Colombia and Costa Rica. Currently, P. mexicanus and P. caliensis are sympatric in the Colombian Pacific bioregion, and specific diagnosis based on their egg size is not possible. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the biogeographic distribution ranges of both species and to implement molecular techniques to establish the role of P. caliensis in human paragonimiasis in Colombia.
Subject(s)
Brachyura/parasitology , Lung Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Metacercariae/genetics , Paragonimiasis/parasitology , Paragonimus/physiology , Animals , Colombia , DNA, Helminth/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics , Humans , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Paragonimiasis/pathology , Paragonimus/anatomy & histology , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
La platinosomosis es una enfermedad hepática causada por digéneos del género PlatynosomumLooss, 1907, que afecta aves y mamíferos de áreas tropicales y subtropicales. La alta incidencia de laenfermedad en gatos ha posibilitado contar con detallada información acerca del ciclo de vida del parásito,su patogenia, diagnostico y tratamiento. En el 2002, en Turbo, Antioquia, se detectó un gato (Felis catus)con mala condición corporal, alopecia, extrema delgadez, vientre inflamado y notables síntomas deenfermedad hepática. Dada la gravedad de la enfermedad, al gato se le realizó la eutanasia y durantela necropsia se hallaron quistes en el hígado que contenían digéneos de la familia Dicrocoeliidae. Esteartículo tiene como propósito establecer el estatus taxonómico específico del parásito y dar a conocerel caso mediante la descripción de los signos clínicos. El digéneo fue identificado como Platynosomumilliciens y sus signos clínicos son típicos de la enfermedad, su difícil diagnostico sugiere realizar un examencoprológico acompañado de una ecografía. Se recomienda realizar un estudio de foco en Turbo Antioquia,considerando su amplia distribución en la región del Caribe y países vecinos. El presente estudio constituyeel primer caso de platinosomosis en Colombia.
Platinosomosis is a liver disease caused by Digeneans of the genus Platynosomum Looss, 1907, thataffects birds and mammals in tropical and subtropical areas. The high incidence of the disease in cats hasallowed to obtain detailed information about the life cycle of the parasite, pathogenesis, diagnosis andtreatment. In 2002, in Turbo, Antioquia, we detected a cat (Felis catus) with poor body condition, hairloss, extreme thinness, swollen belly and significant symptoms of liver disease. Given the severity of thedisease, the cat was euthanized and the autopsy found digeneans from Dicrocoeliidae family in the livercysts. This paper aims to establish the taxonomic specificity of the parasite and bring forward the case bydescribing the clinical symptoms. The digenea was identified as Platynosomum illiciens and the clinicalsigns are typical of this disease, its diagnosis suggests a coprological review with an ultrasound exam. Werecommend making a focus study on Turbo Antioquia, considering its wide distribution in the Caribbeanregion and neighboring countries. This study is the first case of platinosomosis in Colombia.
Platinosomosis é uma doença hepática causada pelo gênero Digenea Platynosomum Looss de 1907, queafecta as aves e mamíferos em áreas tropicais e subtropicais. A alta incidência da doença em gatos levoua ter informações detalhadas sobre o ciclo de vida do parasita, patogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento. Em2002, na Turbo, Antioquia, era um gato (Felis catus) com má condição corporal, perda de cabelo, magrezaextrema, barriga inchada e significativos sintomas de doença hepática. Dada a gravidade da doença, osgatos foram submetidos à eutanásia e foram encontrados durante a autópsia no fígado cistos contendoDigenea Dicrocoeliidae da família. Este artigo tem por objectivo estabelecer o estatuto taxonómico doparasita específico e divulgar o evento, descrevendo os sintomas clínicos. O Digenea foi identificada comoPlatynosomum illiciens e os sinais clínicos são típicos da doença, seu diagnóstico coprológico sugereuma revisão com um ultra-som. Recomendamos que você faça um estudo incidir sobre Turbo Antioquia,considerando sua ampla distribuição na região do Caribe e de países vizinhos. Este estudo é o primeirocaso de platinosomosis na Colômbia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/veterinaryABSTRACT
Polystomoides magdalenensis n. sp. is described from the buccal cavity of the Colombian slider Trachemys callirostris callirostris (Gray, 1856) in the middle of Magdalena River drainage, Colombia. The new species is characterized by a combination of traits, i.e., 29-35 genital spines, outer and inner hamuli length (123-150 and 54-63, respectively), testis size (261.4-554.5 x 388.2-768.4), marginal hook lengths (45-51), and pharynx length (150-333), as well as testis length/oral sucker length, testis length/pharynx length, and testis width/pharynx width ratios. This is the first species described from turtles in Colombia and the fifth reported in chelonians from South America.
