ABSTRACT
These studies investigated observers' ability to detect and locate highly visible liver lesions on computed tomographic (CT) images, manipulating both the lesion's location and polarity (brighter or darker than liver background). Visibility of a lesion is not sufficient to guarantee accurate localization. With clinical images, possible confusions between a lesion and coexisting normal structures (like blood vessels) is a serious constraint on observer performance.
Subject(s)
Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Humans , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Liver Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Observer VariationABSTRACT
A scoring system has previously been developed to diagnose intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) based on three parameters: estimated fetal weight, amniotic fluid volume, and maternal blood pressure status. To test the IUGR score prospectively, the authors computed the score in 356 third-trimester fetuses, 39 growth retarded and 317 normal, scanned within 2 weeks prior to delivery. The IUGR score identified three groups, each with a distinct probability of IUGR: A score below 50 virtually excludes IUGR (3% probability), a score above 60 allows confident diagnosis (74% probability), and score of 50-60 is indeterminate (13% probability). The IUGR score performed best in patients with accurate dating by early ultrasound (US), but even among patients lacking accurate dating, the performance of the IUGR score was superior to that previously reported for any single sonographic parameter. The IUGR score can be used in any US facility to diagnose or exclude third-trimester IUGR.
Subject(s)
Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnosis , Female , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnostic imaging , Gestational Age , Humans , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Ultrasonography, PrenatalABSTRACT
High-resolution sonography is a very sensitive imaging modality for detecting intratesticular pathology and is an accurate means of distinguishing intratesticular lesions (usually malignant) from extratesticular ones (usually benign). Unfortunately, there are no reliable sonographic criteria to distinguish testicular neoplasms from focal benign intratesticular lesions such as infarction, hemorrhage, or infection. We describe three cases of focal orchitis in which the sonographic features did allow a confident diagnosis of intratesticular infection. In each case a focal peripheral hypoechoic intratesticular abnormality was seen that was poorly defined or crescent-shaped, adjacent to an enlarged epididymis. The specific sonographic features suggest the diagnosis of focal orchitis and orchiectomy can be prevented. Rapid improvement (2 to 4 weeks) should be seen sonographically and in all cases the intratesticular lesions should be followed to complete resolution.
Subject(s)
Orchitis/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Adult , Aged , Epididymis/pathology , Escherichia coli Infections , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Testis/pathology , Ultrasonography/methodsABSTRACT
Retroconversion of immature to mature tissues in metastases from an immature ovarian teratoma following chemotherapy is an uncommon phenomenon. We report a case of this entity to highlight the changes in the internal architecture of hepatic metastases as seen on CT.
