ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To describe a series of miniature schnauzers diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma and assess for possible breed predisposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of miniature schnauzers with a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma between January 2008 and April 2015 were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, body weight, presenting complaint, date of diagnosis, clinicopathologic and diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, therapeutic response, date of death or last follow-up and necropsy findings. Breed predisposition was assessed with odds ratios, using breed-matched dogs without histiocytic sarcoma admitted during the study period as controls. Pedigree analysis was performed for dogs with available registration information. RESULTS: Fourteen miniature schnauzers were diagnosed with histiocytic sarcoma during the study period, making them over-represented among the hospital population (odds ratio=4·8, P=0·0009). Disease was considered localised in ten dogs and disseminated in four. Of the dogs with localised disease, nine were diagnosed with primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma based on the presence of a large pulmonary mass with (n=7) or without (n=2) evidence of intra-thoracic metastasis, and one had gastric histiocytic sarcoma with nodal metastasis. Treatments varied, but an aggressive clinical course was found in most patients. Pedigree analysis revealed a recent common ancestor for a subset of the dogs assessed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Miniature schnauzers were over-represented among dogs with histiocytic sarcoma in this patient population. Pedigree analysis supports an inherited risk factor, which has not previously been suggested in the breed. Primary pulmonary involvement with or without intra-thoracic metastasis was common in this cohort.
Subject(s)
Breeding , Dog Diseases/genetics , Histiocytic Sarcoma/veterinary , Animals , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dogs , Female , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Histiocytic Sarcoma/epidemiology , Histiocytic Sarcoma/genetics , MaleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate response and outcome of dogs with multicentric lymphoma treated with single-agent vinblastine as a second rescue. METHODS: Medical records from 39 client-owned dogs receiving vinblastine rescue treatment (having relapsed on or following completion of UW-Madison and CCNU/L-asparaginase protocols), between 2005 and 2014, were reviewed for information regarding clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, drug dosage, number of treatments, side effects, response and outcome. RESULTS: The median starting dose of vinblastine was 2·6 mg/m(2) (1·7 to 2·8 mg/m(2) ), administered weekly until disease progression. Of the 39 dogs treated, 3 dogs (7·7%) achieved a complete remission, 7 dogs (17·9%) achieved a partial response, 18 dogs (46·2%) maintained stable disease and 11 (28·2%) had progressive disease. Ten dogs (25·6%) developed a grade III or IV neutropenia, and 4 dogs (10·3%) developed grade III or IV thrombocytopenia (one dog in both categories). After starting vinblastine, the median progression-free survival was 29·5 days (0 to 77 days) and overall median survival time was 46 days (4 to 250 days). Duration of first remission was identified as a positive predictor of outcome. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Single-agent vinblastine is well tolerated in dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Responses were incomplete and short-lasting.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Lymphoma/veterinary , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/veterinary , Vinblastine/therapeutic use , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Dog Diseases/mortality , Dogs , Drug Repositioning , Female , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Lymphoma/mortality , Male , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome , Vinblastine/administration & dosage , WisconsinABSTRACT
3-Epivitamin D3, the 3 alpha epimer of vitamin D3, was synthesized, and its biological activity in the rat was evaluated. It was found to be approximately 4 times less active on a weight basis than vitamin D3 with respect to intestinal calcium transport, bone calcium mobilization, and calcification score as determined by the line-test assay. Tritiated 3-epivitamin D3 was prepared, and its metabolism in the rat was compared with that of vitamin D3 to investigate the reasons for this diminished activity. 3-Epivitamin D3 was converted to two polar metabolites, for which the chromatographic properties and the origin of biosynthesis (in the liver and kidney, respectively) correspond to 25-hydroxy-3-epivitamin D3 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epivitamin D3. The fact that the concentration of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-3-epivitamin D3 in the intestine is half that of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may be one explanation for the reduced biological activity of this epimer.
