Use of Comprehensive Participatory Planning and Evaluation in Rural Patient Engagement.

Comprehensive participatory planning and evaluation (CPPE), a model used in community engagement research, has not been applied to patient engagement in research. We describe our methodology and interim results using CPPE in a project focused on improving research engagement of rural and distant patients and stakeholders. Specifically, we describe our development of a causal map and the subsequent use of the map to guide patient and stakeholder-driven evaluation.

Predictive utility of autistic traits in youth with ADHD: a controlled 10-year longitudinal follow-up study.

The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and predictive utility of autistic traits (ATs) in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were referred youth with and without ADHD, without a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, and their siblings, derived from identically designed longitudinal case-control family studies of boys and girls with ADHD. Subjects were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and measures of social, cognitive, and educational functioning. The presence of ATs at baseline was operationalized using a unique profile of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) consisting of an aggregate T score of ≥ 195 on the Withdrawn, Social, and Thought Problems subscales (CBCL-AT profile). At the follow-up, 83% of the ADHD youth with a positive AT profile at baseline continued to have a positive CBCL-AT profile. The presence of a positive CBCL-AT profile at baseline in youth with ADHD heralded a more compromised course characterized by a greater burden of psychopathology that emerged at an earlier age, along with poorer interpersonal, educational, and neurocognitive outcomes. Findings indicate a high level of persisting ATs in ADHD youth over time, as indexed through the CBCL-AT profile, and the presence of this profile prognosticates a compromised course in adult life in multiple domains of functioning.

Patients undergoing intragastric balloon achieve approximately 50% of their target weight loss in the first month postoperatively: an MBSAQIP analysis.

BACKGROUND: Intragastric balloon (IGB) placement can provide a mean percent total weight loss (%TWL) of 10.2% at 6-month follow-up. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate 30-day outcomes and safety of patients undergoing IGB placement. SETTING: Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program. METHODS: The 2016 to 2017 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program was queried for adult patients who underwent primary IGB placement. Demographic characteristics and preoperative risk factors were collected. Postoperative outcomes included %TWL, percent excess weight loss, and complications rates and causes. Subset analysis was done for outcomes comparison between surgeons or gastroenterologists performing the procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: A total of 1221 patients were included. The majority was female (81.9%), Caucasian (81.2%), with a mean age of 48 ± 11.3 years and a mean preoperative body mass index of 34.9 ± 11.2 kg/m2. Of patients, 98.8% were discharged within 24 hours of the procedure. Two patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 7.2% received postoperative treatment for dehydration. Reoperation and readmission rates were 1.1% and 7.2%, respectively, mainly due to nausea, vomiting, and poor nutritional status (n = 22). The intervention rate was 6.2%. Patients in this cohort achieved a mean %TWL of 6.2% (standard deviation, 5.52%) and mean TWL of 6.8 kg within 30 days postoperatively (n = 147; 24-30 d). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show patients met approximately 50% of their target weight loss 30 days after IGB placement. Nausea, vomiting, and poor nutrition status were the most common complications within 30 days of the procedure. Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine if these patients are able to sustain their weight loss and for how long.

Adapting an Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Intervention to Urban American Indians.

PURPOSE: Using the RE-AIM framework, the primary purpose of this qualitative study was to conduct focus groups to identify areas for future adaptation of an evidence-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk intervention (COACH) developed for an urban primary care setting to urban American Indian (AI)-serving settings. METHODS: This qualitative study involved conducting three focus groups with 31 urban AI patients with two or more CVD risk factors to maximize reach and efficacy of COACH. The patients had not yet participated in an adapted COACH program. RESULTS: Findings from the focus groups indicate that a culturally adapted CVD risk reduction program modeled after COACH would be acceptable among urban AI populations. Recommendations for cultural adaptation include a need for images of AI people, traditional AI exercise activities and AI foods, information on the portion sizes of traditional foods, and expanded information on tobacco use and resources. CONCLUSION: With cultural adaptations, the COACH program can be pilot-tested in urban AI-serving primary care settings to address health concerns and behaviors that affect cardiovascular health outcomes.

Adapting an Evidence-based Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Intervention to Rural Communities.

PURPOSE: Using the RE-AIM framework, the primary purpose of this qualitative study was to assess focus group data to generate information on the applicability of an evidence-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk intervention developed for an urban setting for rural areas in Nebraska. We also sought to determine potential adaptations that may be necessary to implement the study in a rural setting. The CVD risk reduction intervention is based on the Community Outreach and Cardiovascular Health (COACH) program, which included nurse practitioner/community health worker teams. METHODS: This qualitative study involved conducting 3 focus groups with patients with CVD risk factors to assess community readiness for participating in the intervention, the mode of the delivery of the intervention, the setting of the intervention, program content, and raising awareness of the intervention. FINDINGS: Findings from the focus groups indicate acceptability toward a CVD risk reduction program modeled after the COACH. Participants favored initial in-person face-to-face interactions with a nurse practitioner that could transition to phone-based meetings and Skype. In addition, participants underscored that confidentiality can be a concern in small communities and therefore community health workers need to be trusted individuals. Calls for additions to COACH materials were very specific and participants underscored the need for social support. CONCLUSIONS: With minor adaptations, the COACH program can be pilot tested in rural settings to address key health concerns and behaviors that affect risk for cardiovascular health.

Ergonomics of minimally invasive surgery: an analysis of muscle effort and fatigue in the operating room between laparoscopic and robotic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to determine how objectively-measured and self-reported muscle effort and fatigue of the upper-limb differ between surgeons performing laparoscopic (LAP) and robotic-assisted (ROBOT) surgeries. METHODS: Surgeons performing LAP or ROBOT procedures at a single-institution were enrolled. Objective muscle activation and self-reported fatigue were evaluated, and comparisons were made between approaches. Muscle activation of the upper trapezius (UT), anterior deltoid (AD), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), and extensor digitorum (ED) were recorded during the surgical procedure using Trigno wireless surface electromyography (EMG). The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was obtained to normalize root-mean-square muscle activation as %MVCRMS. The median frequency (MDF) was calculated to assess muscle fatigue. Each surgeon also completed the validated Piper Fatigue Scale-12 (PFH-12) before and after the procedure for self-perceived fatigue assessment. Statistical analysis was done using SAS/STAT software, with α = 0.05. RESULTS: 28 surgeries were recorded (LAP: N = 18, ROBOT: N = 10). EMG analysis revealed the ROBOT group had a higher muscle activation than LAP for UT (37.7 vs. 25.5, p = 0.003), AD (8.9 vs. 6.3, p = 0.027), and FCR (14.4 vs. 10.9, p = 0.019). Conversely, LAP required more effort for the ED, represented by a significantly lower MDF compared to the ROBOT group (91.2 ± 1.5 Hz vs. 102.8 ± 1.5 Hz, p < 0.001). Survey analysis revealed no differences in self-reported fatigue before and after the surgery between approaches, p = 0.869. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis revealed surgeons show similar fatigue levels performing the first case of the day using either robotic or LAP surgery. Surgeons performing LAP surgery had more fatigue in the forearm, robotic surgery required more shoulder and neck use, but neither was superior. Neither technique produced significant overall fatigue on survey. Long-term selective use of these different muscles could be correlated with different patterns of injury. Future studies are needed to fully understand long-term implications of prolonged surgery on occupational injury.

Surgical Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Severe Esophageal Dysmotility.

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal dysmotility are often disqualifying criteria for fundoplication due to dysphagia complications. A tailored partial fundoplication may improve GERD in patients with severe esophageal motility disorders. We evaluate this approach on GERD improvement in non-achalasia esophageal dysmotility patients. METHODS: A single-institution prospective database was reviewed (2007-2016), with inclusion criteria of GERD, previous diagnosis of non-achalasia esophageal motility disorder, and laparoscopic partial fundoplication. Diagnosis of previous achalasia diagnosis or diffused esophageal spasm was excluded. Motility studies, pre- and post-upper gastrointestinal imaging (UGI), esophageal symptom scores, antacid, and PPI use were collected pre-op, 6 months, 12 months, and long-term (LT). Statistical analysis was made using SPSS v.23.0.0, α = 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. A total of 17.3% had esophageal body amotility, 79.6% had severe esophageal dysmotility. A total of 65.9% women (mean age 64 ± 15.7), mean peristalsis 45.3 ± 32.6%, and failed peristalsis 36.0 ± 32.2%. Mean LES residual pressure was 15.0 ± 18.0 mmHg, and 40.7% had hypotensive LES. Mean follow-up time was 25 months [1-7 years], with significant improvement in symptoms and reduction in PPI and antacid use at all time-points compared to pre-op. A total of 74% had UGI studies at 12 months; all showed persistent dysmotility. Six patients had radiographic hiatal hernia recurrence, with only one being clinically symptomatic postoperatively. Three required dilation for persistent dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS: A tailored partial fundoplication may be effective in symptom relief for non-achalasia patients with esophageal motility disorders and GERD. Significant symptom improvement, low HHR, and PPI use clearly indicate this approach to be effective for this population.

Prescribing Patterns in a Psychiatrically Referred Sample of Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of psychopharmacologic interventions in a psychiatrically referred sample of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: This retrospective chart review aimed at collecting demographic and clinical information, including data on DSM-IV-TR criteria-based psychiatric disorders and related current medication treatment and response. Data were collected in December 2011. Clinicians identified the target disorder for each medication and any adverse events. Level of psychopathology and therapeutic response was assessed by the clinician-rated Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI). RESULTS: Psychiatrically referred youth with ASD (n = 54) suffered from multiple psychopathologies (mean = 2.3) and had a marked level of morbidity (range of baseline CGI-Severity of Illness mean scores, 4.3-5.6). The most prevalent psychopathology was ADHD (83%), anxiety disorders (67%), bipolar spectrum disorder (43%), and mood disorder not otherwise specified (44%). The majority (80%) of the subjects received combination therapy (mean ± SD number of psychotropic medications = 3 ± 1.5). Forty percent of the participants responded on all treatment target symptoms (CGI-Improvement scale score ≤ 2), and an additional 10% experienced response versus nonresponse on a relatively greater number of target symptoms. Half of the subjects reported an adverse event, most commonly weight gain (28%) and sedation (12%), both from antipsychotic medication use. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatrically referred youth with ASD suffer from multiple highly impairing psychiatric disorders that require combination pharmacotherapy. These findings highlight the need for further research to guide clinical decision-making and treatment.

[PREVALENCE OF THE STREPTOCOCUS AGALACTIAE IN THE PREGNANT WOMAN FROM THE AUTONOMIC CITY OF MELILLA: IS CULTURE A DETERMINANT FACTOR?]. / Prevalencia del Streptococcus agalactiae en la mujer embarazada en la ciudad autónoma de Melilla. ES LA CULTURA UN FACTOR DETERMINANTE?

BACKGROUND: The neonatal infection by Streptococcus group B is one of the main causes of neonatal morbi-mortality rate. For this reason a screening is made to each pregnant woman in order to detect its presence, and if it was the case, to apply an antibiotic treatment during labour. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of this Streptococcus in the pregnant women from Melilla, as well as the differences according to culture and age. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study located in the Hospital Comarcal from Melilla. RESULTS: The sample is taken from 280 women: 194 are from Muslim culture (69.3%), 68 are from Christian culture (24.3%) and 18 women from unknown cultures (6.4%). Also it is known that 78 of them are 25 years old or less (27.85%), 158 are between 26 and 34 years old (56.42%) and 44 are 35 years old or more (15.71%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of vagino-rectal colonization by Streptococcus group B in the pregnant women from Melilla is within the national estimated figures, however it is different if they are from Muslim or Christian culture, being higher in the Muslim population. On one hand both prevalences are within the national statistics, and on the other hand it is observed that there is not any difference according to age.

Prevalencia del Streptococcus agalactiae en la mujer embarazada en la ciudad autónoma de Melilla. ¿Es la cultura un factor determinante? / Prevalence of the Streptococus agalactiae in the pregnant woman from the autonomic city of Melilla: is culture a determinant factor?

Contexto. La infección neonatal por estreptococo grupo B es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad neonatal. Por ello se realiza un cribado a todas las gestantes para detectar su presencia y, en tal caso, administrar un tratamiento antibiótico durante el trabajo de parto. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de estreptococo en las gestantes de Melilla, así como sus diferencias en función de la cultura y la edad. Método. Estudio descriptivo trasversal con emplazamiento en el Hospital Comarcal de Melilla. Resultados. La muestra tomada está formada por 280 individuos; 194 son de cultura musulmana (69.3 %) y 68 son de cultura cristiana (24.3 %), con 18 individuos de cultura desconocida (6.4 %). Asimismo, se sabe que 78 tienen una edad menor o igual a 25 años (27.85 %), 158 individuos tienen una edad comprendida entre los 26 y 34 años (56.42 %) y 44 individuos tienen una edad igual o mayor a 35 años (15.71 %). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de colonización vagino-rectal por estreptococo grupo B en las gestantes de Melilla está dentro de las cifras estimadas a nivel nacional. Sin embargo, es diferente en función de si pertenecen a la cultura musulmana o cristiana, siendo mayor en la población musulmana. Ambas prevalencias se encuentran dentro de las estadísticas nacionales. Por otro lado, se observa que no existen diferencias en la prevalencia en función de la franja etárea (AU)

Background. The neonatal infection by Streptococcus group B is one of the main causes of neonatal morbi-mortality rate. For this reason a screening is made to each pregnant woman in order to detect its presence, and if it was the case, to apply an antibiotic treatment during labour. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence of this Streptococcus in the pregnant women from Melilla, as well as the differences according to culture and age. Method. A descriptive cross-sectional study located in the Hospital Comarcal from Melilla. Results. The sample is taken from 280 women: 194 are from Muslim culture (69.3 %), 68 are from Christian culture (24.3 %) and 18 women from unknown cultures (6.4 %). Also it is known that 78 of them are 25 years old or less (27.85 %), 158 are between 26 and 34 years old (56.42 %) and 44 are 35 years old or more (15.71 %). Conclusions. The prevalence of vagino-rectal colonization by Streptococcus group B in the pregnant women from Melilla is within the national estimated figures, however it is different if they are from Muslim or Christian culture, being higher in the Muslim population. On one hand both prevalences are within the national statistics, and on the other hand it is observed that there is not any difference according to age (AU)

Development and implementation of a curricular-wide electronic portfolio system in a school of pharmacy.

The Feik School of Pharmacy collaborated with a commercial software development company to create a Web-based e-portfolio system to document student achievement of curricular outcomes and performance in pharmacy practice experiences. The multi-functional system also could be used for experiential site selection and assignment and continuing pharmacy education. The pharmacy school trained students, faculty members, and pharmacist preceptors to use the e-portfolio system. All pharmacy students uploaded the required number of documents and assessments to the program as evidence of achievement of each of the school's curricular outcomes and completion of pharmacy practice experiences.

Diagnóstico y manejo de infecciones profundas de cuello 2005-2009 / Deep neck infections diagnosis and management 2005-2009

Las infecciones profundas de cuello ameritan diagnóstico oportuno y terapéutica urgente, debido a potenciales complicaciones y mortalidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue revisar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de pacientes con esta patología, conocer los gérmenes más frecuentes yanalizar los factores asociados a complicaciones y estancia hospitalaria. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente 46 pacientes que acudieron al Hospital “Carlos Andrade Marín” de Quito, Ecuador, desde enero 2005 a junio de 2009. Resultados: El 63 por ciento fueron hombres y la medianade edad fue 33 años. Tratamiento antibiótico previo recibió un 50 por ciento de pacientes. El espacio más afectado fue el submaxilar 68 por ciento; dos compartimentos se afectaron en 11 por ciento. El 13 por ciento de pacientes presentó co-morbilidades. En el 48 por ciento la causa se relacionó con patología dental. La sintomatología encontrada estuvo conformada de tumor cervical, dolor y fiebre. La tomografía axial computarizada se realizó en el 22 por ciento de casos. Los antibióticos utilizados fueron: B lactámicos + inhibidores de Blactamasa en el 65 por ciento y penicilina cristalina + clindamicina en el 17 por ciento. En el 28 por ciento se utilizó corticoterapia como tratamiento coadyuvante. La estancia hospitalaria fue 9 días. El abordaje quirúrgico se realizó en el 48 por ciento y ninguno necesito re-intervención. La bacteria aislada más frecuentemente fue el estafilococo aureus. Complicaciones se presentaron en el 33 por ciento y no hubo mortalidad. Conclusiones: La infección dental es nuestra principal etiología, lo cual tiene relación topográfica de los compartimentos afectados. El estafilococo aureus fue la bacteria más encontrada. El tratamiento antibiótico utilizado fue de gran eficacia y el uso de corticoide disminuyó la estancia hospitalaria. Encontramos pocas co-morbilidades en nuestros pacientes lo cual podría explicar la ausencia de mortalidad en nuestra serie.

Objective: Deep neck infections need urgent diagnostic and treatment because of potential complications and mortality. The aim of this study was to review our experience in the management of patients with this disease, know the most common germs and analyze the factors associated withcomplications and hospital stay. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 46 patients who attended the Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital in Quito, Ecuador, from January 2005 to June 2009. Results: 63% were men and median age was 33 years. Previous antibiotic treatment received 50% of patients. The most affected area was the submaxilar 68%, two compartments were affected in 11%. 13% of patientshad co-morbidities. In 48% the cause was related to dental disease. The symptoms found were cervical tumor, pain and fever. Computed tomography was performed in 22% of cases. The antibiotics used were: B-lactamics + B-lactamase inhibitors in 65% and clindamycin + penicillin G in 17%. In 28%received corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy. The hospital stay was 9 days. The surgical approach was performed in 48%. The most frequently isolated bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus.Complications occurred in 33% and we had no mortality. Conclusions: Dental infection is our main etiology, which is related topographic compartments affected. The bacteria staphylococcus aureus was the most found. The antibiotic regimen used was highly effective and steroid use decreasedhospital stay. We found few co-morbidities in our patients which could explain the absence of mortality in our series.