[Russian chemicals designed for processing the radiographic medical films]. / Otechestvennye khimikaty dlia obrabotki radiograficheskikh meditsinskikh plenok.

Technical characteristics of Russian chemicals designed for processing the radiographic medical films are described in the paper. Requirements applicable to operating solutions and films characteristics, obtained by the manual and machine-processing, are defined. It is demonstrated as feasible to choose the chemicals with respect to the economic parameter, i.e. cost per unit of photoprocessing of 1.0 m2 of film at the photo laboratories of patient-care and preventive facilities.

[Chemical element levels in various human biological media]. / Kontsentratsiia khimicheskikh élementov v raznykh biologicheskikh sredakh cheloveka.

Analysis of element composition (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, copper, iron, total sulfur and its compounds, chloride, and inorganic phosphorus) in 40 normal subjects (22 women and 18 men aged 17-30 years) showed that the composition is specific for each of the analyzed media (blood, plasma, erythrocytes, urine, saliva, exhaled air condensate). Element composition of exhaled air condensate is described for the first time. Analysis of element composition in 102 patients with asthma demonstrated characteristic shifts in the concentrations of some macro- and trace elements, which confirms the clinical significance of analysis and correction of deviations in the element composition of biological media.

[Assessment of the quality of radiographic medical films and chemicals for photochemical treatment]. / K voprosu ob otsenke kachestva radiograficheskikh meditsinskikh plenok i khimikatov dlia khimiko-fotograficheskoi obrabotki.

The paper outlines conditions ensuring the high quality of X-ray image on the film at the end production stage in relation to the quality and compatibility of two systems: a X-ray film proper and chemicals for its treatment. The types of X-ray films and chemicals used in therapeutical-and-prophylactic establishments of the Russian Federation, their characteristics, as well as the required content of information printed on the consumer's package, which allows them to choose for adequacy for probable use.

The difference in the effect of glutamate and NO synthase inhibitor on free calcium concentration and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in synaptosomes from various brain regions.

The significant increase of free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was found in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes and hippocampal crude synaptosomal fraction after their exposure to glutamate. But no change of [Ca2+]i was revealed in cerebellar synaptosomes, the slight increase of [Ca2+]i in striatal synaptosomes was not significant. The presence of Ng-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in the incubation medium practically prevented the increase of [Ca2+]i initiated by glutamate in cerebral cortex synaptosomes, but not in hippocampal ones. The significant diminution of [Ca2+]i in the presence of this inhibitor was shown in striatal synaptosomes exposed to glutamate. Na+,K+-ATPase activity is significantly lower in cerebral cortex, striatal and hippocampal synaptosomes exposed to glutamate. L-NAME prevented the inactivation of this enzyme by glutamate. In cerebellar synaptosomes the tendency to the decrease of enzymatic activity in the presence of L-NAME was on the contrary noticed. Thus, the data obtained provide evidence of the protective effect of NO synthase inhibitor in brain cortex and striatal synaptosomes, but not in cerebellar synaptosomes. Synaptosomes appear to be an adequate model to study the regional differences in the mechanism of toxic effect of excitatory amino acids.

[The action of noradrenaline, vasopressin and deoxycorticosterone acetate on the activity of the Na+,K+ pump in the veins and arteries of different vascular regions]. / Vozdeistvie noradrenalina, vazopressina i dezoksikortikosteronatsetata na aktivnost' Na+,K(+)-nasosa v venakh i arteriiakh raznykh sosudistykh regionov.

Noradrenaline and vasopressin were shown to stimulate the Na+/K(+)-pump activity both in veins and in arteries, whereas desoxycorticosteronacetate did not increase it in pulmonary and mesenteric vessels and even depressed it in the mesenteric vein. There is different potentiation exerted by noradrenaline and vasopressin upon the Na+/K(+)-pump activity in veins and in arteries. The data obtained suggest the regional heterogeneity in the Na+/K(+)-pump activity in neurohormone activated blood vessels.

[The activity of the sodium-potassium pump and the ion and water levels in blood vessels with different morphofunctional properties in rats]. / Aktivnost' natrii-kalievogo nasosa, soderzhanie ionov i vody v krovenosnykh sosudakh s razlichnymi morfofunktsional'nymi svoistvami u krys.

Differences were revealed between both arteries and veins as well as among arteries and among veins in the activity of their sodium-potassium pump and ions contents. The data obtained suggest that a heterogeneity specific for the blood vessels is preserved at the level of ion mechanisms, too.

[The effect of chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine on the activity of the sodium-potassium pump and on the contractile responses of the mesenteric artery and vein]. / Vliianie khimicheskoi desimpatizatsii 6-gidroksidofaminom na aktivnost' natrii-kalievogo nasosa i sokratitel'nye otvety bryzheechnykh arterii i veny.

After chemical sympathectomy of mesenteric arteries and veins, different increase of responsiveness to noradrenaline, potassium chloride and ouabain was found. Stronger changes occurred in the vein which seems to be due to different adrenergic innervation of arteries and veins.

[The dynamics of milk secretion in white mice and its consumption by progeny]. / Dinamika sekretsii moloka u belykh myshei i ego potreblenie potomstvom.

Only about 72 per cent of the litter manifested milk ingestion during every next nursing in white mice. The correlation between the dynamics of the milk ejection from the mammary gland and individual real milk intake by the litter, is discussed.

[Changes in the water-salt composition of alveolar and ductal milk in the white mouse when accumulated in the mammary gland]. / Izmenenie vodno-solevogo sostava al'veoliarnogo i protokovogo moloka beloi myshi pri ego nakoplenii v molochnoi zheleze.

The ion and water contents revealed a 25-41% lower Na level in the duct than in alveolar secret in lactating albino mice through 1 to 7 and 24th hour of suckling. The data obtained suggests dynamic properties of alveolar and duct epithelium in mice.

[The activity of the sodium-potassium pump of the mesenteric arteries and veins in normal rats and in DOCA-salt hypertension]. / Aktivnost' natrii-kalievogo nasosa bryzheechnykh arterii i ven u krys v norme i pri DOKA-solevoi gipertenzii.

The activity of sodium-potassium pump was studied in mesenteric arteries and veins of rats, as well as its inhibition effect upon catecholamine-induced contractile responses and the time of relaxation of these vessels in normal rats and in those with DOCA-salt hypertension. The activity was measured by 86Rb [correction of 86Rh] up-take. A difference in the ouabain-sensitive take-up was found between arteries and veins. It was higher in normotensive rats' veins than in arteries; in hypertension, the activity of the pump tended to decrease in arteries and sharply increased in veins. Inhibition of the pump with ouabain reduced arteries' contractile responses to noradrenaline and phenylephrine in normotensive animals, whereas in hypertension the effect involved all the types of stimulation leaving intact the contractions of venous vessels. Ouabain increased the period of relaxation of arteries and veins in some types of stimulation in normal as well as in hypertensive rats.

[The dynamics of the transepithelial transport of sodium, potassium and water in the mammary gland of the white mouse]. / Dinamika transépitelial'nogo perenosa natriia, kaliia i vody v molochnoi zheleze beloi myshi.

In lactating albino mice, the transepithelial mammary transport of Na+, K+ and water was studied during normal and changed intervals between suckles. The formation of ion and water contents of the mice milk usually occurs in 2 stages N first, all Na+, 1/4 K+ and 1/3 water contents in ready milk enter the secret of mammary gland; second, the Na+ in milk is stopped and net flow of K+ and water is 3- and 2-fold higher than during first stage.

[The age-related characteristics of changes in osmotic and ionic homeostasis in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti izmenenii osmoticheskogo i ionnogo gomeostaza u spontanno-gipertenzivnykh krys.

The 3-month old SHR differ from the WKY rats in that the former have an increased osmolality, concentration of albumins, activity (but not the concentration) of sodium and a reduced activity of potassium. The shifts in the albumins concentration occur, mainly, on account of the amino acid phenylalanine. The gradient increase of the sodium and potassium concentration between the plasma and muscular tissue in followed by a slight hyperpolarisation of the muscle fibers, a drop in the lability and a increase in pO2. The above shifts of homeostatic parameters were not revealed in the SHR and WKY rats of 1.5 and 6.0 months of age.

[Potassium distribution in rat tissues in relation to its concentration in the blood]. / Raspredelenie kaliia v tkaniakh krys v zavisimosti ot ego kontsentratsii v krovi.

The dynamics of distribution of potassium and sodium among the blood plasma and the tissues (muscle and liver) was studied in Wistar rats at an artificial increase of the potassium content in the blood. After administration of 1.25% solution of potassium chloride into the stomach (5 ml/100 g), into the liver portal vein (0.5 ml/100 g), and into femoral vein (0.1 ml/min during 45 min), the changes of potassium and sodium contents were opposite in the blood plasma and in the tissues under study. The maximal shift of these ions concentration in the plasma and tissues occurs sooner after administration of potassium directly into the blood. In continuous administration of the solution the potassium concentration reaches 10.8 mM/l in the blood plasma and returns to normal values within 2 hrs after cessation of the administration. Therefore, the redistribution of potassium between extra- and intracellular fluid plays a major role in restoration of the potassium homeostasis.

[Patterns of the redistribution of sodium, potassium and water in the tissues of lactating white mice]. / Zakonomernosti pereraspredeleniia natriia, kaliia i vody v tkaniakh laktiruiushchikh belykh krys.

The Na+ concentration on the blood plasma of lactating mice increased by 22%. The muscle ion and water contents were unchanged in lactation whereas K+ level was increased by 15% in the red cells, the Na+ concentration - by 23% in mammary alveolar tissue, K+ - 2.5 times and water - 1.5 times as high as non-lactating animals. The data obtained suggest that: 1) the mechanism maintaining the cell Na+ concentration is sufficiently effective in lactation, 2) there is an interrelationship between the cell ion-water content and the degree of the rise in specific activity of the tissue during lactation, 3) Na+ enters the milk by a paracellular way in the mouse mammary gland in vivo after suckling.