ABSTRACT
Surgery in the United Kingdom has been practiced for nearly 2000 years. It has evolved as a result of the experiences of warfare and the introduction of the scientific basis of surgery. The influence of the 4 surgical royal colleges in setting standards for training and examinations has ensured that new surgeons are equipped for independent practice as consultants. Responsibility for the National Health Service rests with the government, which determines the number of trainee surgeons in the various surgical specialties. Conflicts between service provision and training are highlighted, as are the pressures on academic institutions to meet the demands of clinical surgery. The government's National Health Service plan for England promises a major expansion in undergraduate places and an increase of 7500 consultants in all specialties by 2004. Time will tell if these changes lead to an improvement in surgical services and a reduction in waiting times.
Subject(s)
General Surgery , Education, Medical , General Surgery/education , General Surgery/history , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Research , Schools, Medical , Societies, Medical , United Kingdom , WorkforceSubject(s)
Awards and Prizes , Surgery, Oral , England , History, 20th Century , Societies, Dental , Surgery, Oral/historySubject(s)
Awards and Prizes , Surgery, Oral , History, 20th Century , Societies, Medical , Surgery, Oral/history , United KingdomSubject(s)
Guidelines as Topic , Molar, Third/surgery , Tooth Extraction , Tooth, Impacted/surgery , Humans , Medical Audit , State Medicine , United KingdomSubject(s)
Specialty Boards , Surgery, Oral/education , Certification , Humans , Interprofessional Relations , Ireland , United KingdomABSTRACT
Radiolucent lesions in the jaws usually are associated with pathology of odontogenic origin. An unusual case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from within the mandible is described. The origin of central salivary tumours is discussed and the literature reviewed.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic , Mandibular Neoplasms , Ameloblastoma/pathology , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, LocalABSTRACT
A case of bilateral acinic cell carcinoma occurring synchronously in the parotid glands is reported, treatment discussed and the literature reviewed.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma/pathology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology , Parotid Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Female , HumansABSTRACT
This report illustrates two cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the maxilla arising in sites which had been irradiated. The prognosis for such tumours in the jaws appears to be very poor.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/pathology , Maxillary Neoplasms/pathology , Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/pathology , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Chondrosarcoma/radiotherapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Apart form the sequelae of acute trauma and ankylosis, the principal conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint for which surgery may be required are condylar hyperplasia, recurrent dislocation, internal derangement and degenerative joint disease. The indications for and techniques of surgery for these conditions are reviewed, and the results of a small survey conducted in the West Midlands are presented.
Subject(s)
Ankylosis/surgery , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/surgery , HumansABSTRACT
The suspected finding of partial or complete anterior dislocation of the temporo-mandibular disc in many cases of long-standing temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction has been verified at operation. In a series of 33 patients involving 45 joints, a simple operation is described in which the lateral border of the disc is anchored to the lateral margin of the glenoid fossa.
Subject(s)
Joint Dislocations/surgery , Temporomandibular Joint/injuries , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Methods , Postoperative Complications , Temporomandibular Joint/surgeryABSTRACT
A case of a single loose body occurring in the temporo-mandibular joint is described. It is probable that this case represents the degenerative process of osteochondritis dissecans, a condition not previously described in this joint. The essential features of this condition are noted as a comparison to the condition of synovial chondromatosis.
Subject(s)
Osteochondritis/pathology , Temporomandibular Joint , Adult , Cartilage, Articular/pathology , Female , Humans , Temporomandibular Joint/pathologyABSTRACT
The biological mechanisms of tissue necrosis by controlled freezing are discussed, with particular reference to their importance in cryosurgical technique. The clinical events following cryosurgery are decribed, together with common complications. As the oral mucosa is particularly amenable to this form of treatment, it has been used on a wide variety of oral lesions. From observations based on the treatment of over 300 patients, the advantages, disadvantages, relative indications and suitable variations in technique of cryosurgery are discussed.
