[The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the quality of life and the formation of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the older generation 65+ group.]

The impact of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection Covid-19 and the introduction of self-isolation on the quality of life of the older generation 65+ were analyzed, with an assessment of herd immunity among the study participants. The study protocol included 192 people who are employees of the Irkutsk Scientific Center, including 94 people of the older age group 65+. All participants were divided by us conditionally into four age groups. The age of the examined patients ranged from 21 to 88 years. At the first stage, the results of filling out the EQ-5D-3L took part with an assessment of the health profile, reflecting three levels of problems in five components. On average, the EQ-VAS quality of life indicator decreased a year after the pandemic compared to the data obtained after a month-long period of self-isolation. According to the respondents, it was the presence of disturbing information and the level of emotional tension in society that became decisive in answering the questions of the questionnaires. When assessing population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a positive trend was revealed during the study period of 2021-2022, mainly due to vaccination activities, the number of ill participants in the study tended to decrease. As a result, population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus was 77% in 2021 and 87% in 2022. In 2021, the maximum seroprevalence level was detected among the age group 60-80 years old (83.5%), and in 2022 - in the group 40-60 years (93%).

[The possibilities for the prevention of incompetent tracheorrhaphy]. / Vozmozhnosti preduprezhdeniia nesostoiatel'nosti shvov trakhei.

The present review of the literature is focused on the methods designed for the prevention of incompetent tracheorrhaphy. The main cause that dictates the necessity of strengthening the sutures is the risk of the development of the complications during the postoperative period following the surgical interventions. The incompetence of the tracheal anastomoses is known to occur in 3.6-26.3% of the patients which leads to the development of such complications as neck phlegmon, mediastinitis, and pleural empyema. The mortality rate amounts to 18.2%. The authors describe the methods employed for the prevention of incompetent tracheorrhaphy following the circular resections and suturing of the linear traumatic defects. The advantages and disadvantages of individual methods are discussed.

A Method for Microencapsulation of Cells and a Device for Its Realization.

The device for cell encapsulation makes it possible to fabricate microcapsules of a preset size with even smooth surface, without defects or adhesion to each other, with viable cells inside the capsule. The cells were derived from newborn piglet pancreases.

Experimental Model of Intervertebral Disk Mediated Postoperative Epidural Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative epidural fibrosis (EF) after lumbar discectomy is the most common and at the same time controversial issue. PURPOSE: The etiology and pathogenesis creates a lot of discussion and selection of methods of treatment and prevention continues. METHODS: LIV laminectomy with dura mater (DM) exposition was done in 24 rats, and then, 0.3 ml of elements of suspension of autologous intervertebral disk was implicated on DM. As autologous intervertebral disk, we used the intervertebral disk from amputated tail. In all the animals, incisions were closed with 3/0 Vicryl. EF was examined. Fibroblast cell density was calculated in each field at ×40 magnification: Grade 1 - fewer than 100 fibroblasts in each field; Grade 2 - 100-150 fibroblasts in each field; Grade 3 - more than 150 fibroblasts in each field. RESULTS: Based on histological results, we confirmed our model of experiment. On the 30th day of evaluation, there were significant histological evidences of postoperative epidural adhesions in experimental animals, which included the obliteration of epidural space, the presence of adhesions in the dura and nerve roots, the restructuring of the yellow ligament, bone sclerosis, excessive appearance of fibrous tissue around the autologous intervertebral disk tissue that applied on the DM. CONCLUSION: In our work, we describe a new experimental model, where the elements of autologous intervertebral disk play the role of inflammation trigger, which cause postoperative scar and EF.

[The methods for the treatment and prevention of cicatrix stenoses of trachea].

The objective of the present study was to analyze the current literature concerning mechanisms underlying the development of tracheal stenosis, new methods for the treatment and prevention of this condition. The main cause behind the formation of cicatrical stenosis of trachea is believed to be long-term artificial lung ventilation whereas the principal factors responsible for the injury to the tracheal wall include the impact of the cuff and the free end of the endotracheal tube, reflux of duodenal and gastric contents, concomitant infection, and the involvement of the autoimmune component. These pathogenic factors produce morphological changes in all layers of the tracheal wall with the formation of the granulation tissue the appearance of which serves as a forerunner of irreversible changes leading to tracheal stenosis. The biomedical technologies including auto- and allo-transplantation, tissue engineering, gene and cell-based therapy are considered to be the most promising methods for the treatment and prevention of this condition likely to improve the outcome of the management of cicatrical tracheal stenosis.

Level of Blood Cell-Free Circulating Mitochondrial DNA as a Novel Biomarker of Acute Myocardial Ischemia.

Changes in the level of blood cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA were examined during experimental adrenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats. The amount of mitochondrial DNA in the blood was significantly elevated at 48 and 72 h after subcutaneous injection of adrenaline solution, and it was accompanied by development of multiple small-focal myocardial ischemia. This suggests that the measured level of blood cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA might be used as a biomarker of acute myocardial ischemia.

[Parathyreoidectomy in Rats Using Microsurgery and Medical Adhesive Sulfacrylate].

BACKGROUND: One of the main difficulties in assessing the effectiveness of etiologic treatment of hypoparathyroidism is absence of its standardized model. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to develop a method of hypoparathyroidism modeling. METHODS: Controlled nonrandomized study was performed on female Wistar rats aged 10 month. Group 1 (n =14) was performed with destruction of parathyroid glands with electrocoagulation; group 2 (n =12)--parathyroidectomy by the developed method. In 3 and 14 days after the surgery the levels of ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, number of white blood cells, blood leukocyte formula, indicators of immunological tests, histological examination of organs in the area of operations were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Selection of animals by sex and age criteria, angular skin incision, use of the operating microscope, microsurgical techniques, extirpation of parathyroid glands via resection of thyroid gland with the closure of the wound defect glue appeared to be the distinctive features of the developed method. In 14 days the group 2 showed decrease in ionized calcium (p = 0.016), PTH (p = 0.094), leucocytes (p = 0.004), PI (p = 0.003), spontaneous NBT test (p = 0.004), induced NBT test (p = 0.003) compared with group 1. Histological examination in the group 2 revealed no changes in thyroid gland, thin connective tissue capsule, cavity with a small amount of glue, however, there were determined foci of necrosis with perifocal inflammation in the group 1. CONCLUSION: Combination of several techniques allowed to simulate metabolic disorders with persistent hypocalcemia as well as lack of mortality in early postoperative period.

[Transplantation of isolated hepatocytes in hepatic failure]. / Sovremennoe sostoianie problemy transplantatsii izolirovannykh hepatotsitov pri pechenochnoi nedostatochnosti.

The authors review achievements in the field of prophylaxis and treatment of acute liver failure with donor's allo- and xenogenic isolated hepatocytes. Present-day clinical and experimental data on transplantation of hepatocytes evidence for their ability to produce a detoxicating action, to restore the lost functions of the affected part of the liver, to prevent death of hepatocytes caused by ischemia, to activate regeneration. This method is easy to conduct and obtained cells from one donor can by used for many recepients. Problems in transplantation of isolated hepatocytes are shown. Factors stimulating hepatocyte regeneration are mentioned with a special focus on hepatocyte growth factor having the most potent mitogenic effect.