[Computed tomography at the outpatient stage of differential diagnosis of destructive inflammations and tuberculosis of the lung].

The authors retrospectively analyzed the quality of RCT differentiation of destructive lung lesions at outpatient diagnostic units of multidisciplinary polyclinics. At the first stage, the recognition accuracy rate was not more than 73%, which is attributable to the high macroscopic similarity of bacterial destructive inflammations and specific tuberculous processes. Both conditions were frequently complicated by the addition of fungal invasion that made their differentiation all the more difficult. It has found that during the tense epidemiological situation associated with tuberculosis, there is its explainable, but not always justified hyperdiagnosis. The ratio of false-negative to false-positive tuberculosis results was 1:2. The paper is illustrated by different types of destructive inflammations that mimic tuberculosis and by the trend of some of the types is shown. Emphasis is laid on the neglects and errors that cause diagnostic differences. A half of them is attributable to the objective complexities of its diagnosis; the other (subjective) half is a potential reserve for upgrading the quality of differential diagnosis in phthisiopulmonology.

[Differential diagnosis aspects of computerized tomography in cancer and tuberculosis of the lungs]. / Differentsial'no-diagnosticheskie aspekty ispol'zovaniia komp'iuternoi tomografii pri rake i tuberkuleze legkikh.

The rise in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis has caused an increase in the frequency of an association with lung neoplasms. Atypical manifestations of the diseases are observed in 20-22% of cases and attributable to a combination of X-ray signs, pathomorphism in the presence of immunodeficiencies, and a particular mimicry of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. The paper outlines the most characteristic diagnostic situations which most frequently lead to erroneous conclusions. The conditions in this group of patients should be verified by invasive instrumental means to obtain a morphological material.

[Tactics of management of patients with stomach deformities]. / Taktika vedeniia bol'nykh s deformatsiiami zheludka.

Analysis of gastroscopy in 8781 patients revealed the deformities of the stomach in 1249 (14.2%) patients. Patients younger than 30 had a kink of the stomach and exogastric deformity in 75.5 and 17.7%, respectively. In patients who were older than 70 the respective values were 52.2 and 46.4%. The cause of gastric deformities was stated in 65% of cases (the diseases and specific forms of the adjacent organs). Computed tomography helped to reveal the cause of the deformity in 54% of the cases and ultrasonic investigation in 26% of the cases. The informative value of the used combination of computed tomography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy comprised 75%.

[Information value of computed tomography in diagnosing pericardial diseases]. / Informativnost' komp'iuternoi tomografii v diagnostike zabolevanii perikarda.

The authors present the results of examination of 38 patients with various diseases of the pericardium using the CT method. It possesses a high sensitivity and permits one to reveal pericardial effusions as well as tumor lesions of the pericardium. CT has a high resolving power and provides for visualization of of the unchanges pericardium and adjoining structures. It also allows for densitometric measurements of pericardial effusion. The results obtained make it possible to attribute this method to one of the most informative in the diagnosis of pericardial diseases.

[Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of central lung cancer]. / Komp'iuternaia tomografiia v diagnostike tsentral'nogo raka legkogo.

The third-generation computer CT/T-7800 manufactured by the General Electric Company (USA) was used to examine 600 patients with different chest diseases. Fifty-two patients were diagnosed as having central lung carcinoma. During comparison of the research data with those obtained by conventional x-ray methods, important information which made it possible to classify differently the stage of carcinoma was obtained in 40.4% of cases. The diagnosis of central lung carcinoma with the aid of computer-aided tomography was made for the first time in 11 cases. The method has advantages in detecting latent segmental atelectases and early signs of bronchostenosis. Computer-aided tomography makes it possible to restrict the use of invasive methods of examination in detecting mediastinal and distant metastases.