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1.
Gut Microbes ; 16(1): 2370917, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38944838

ABSTRACT

Polyphenols are phytochemicals commonly found in plant-based diets which have demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the interplay between polyphenols and pathogens at mucosal barrier surfaces has not yet been elucidated in detail. Here, we show that proanthocyanidin (PAC) polyphenols interact with gut parasites to influence immune function and gut microbial-derived metabolites in mice. PAC intake inhibited mastocytosis during infection with the small intestinal roundworm Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and altered the host tissue transcriptome at the site of infection with the large intestinal whipworm Trichuris muris, with a notable enhancement of type-1 inflammatory and interferon-driven gene pathways. In the absence of infection, PAC intake promoted the expansion of Turicibacter within the gut microbiota, increased fecal short chain fatty acids, and enriched phenolic metabolites such as phenyl-γ-valerolactones in the cecum. However, these putatively beneficial effects were reduced in PAC-fed mice infected with T. muris, suggesting concomitant parasite infection can attenuate gut microbial-mediated PAC catabolism. Collectively, our results suggest an inter-relationship between a phytonutrient and infection, whereby PAC may augment parasite-induced inflammation (most prominently with the cecum dwelling T. muris), and infection may abrogate the beneficial effects of health-promoting phytochemicals.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Nematospiroides dubius , Polyphenols , Proanthocyanidins , Trichuriasis , Trichuris , Animals , Mice , Polyphenols/pharmacology , Polyphenols/metabolism , Trichuris/metabolism , Trichuriasis/parasitology , Trichuriasis/immunology , Nematospiroides dubius/immunology , Proanthocyanidins/metabolism , Proanthocyanidins/pharmacology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Strongylida Infections/immunology , Strongylida Infections/parasitology , Strongylida Infections/metabolism , Female , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/metabolism , Bacteria/genetics , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Feces/parasitology , Feces/microbiology
2.
J Chromatogr A ; 1576: 67-79, 2018 Nov 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30314685

ABSTRACT

In this study, a semipreparative liquid chromatography method was developed for the isolation of chemically well-defined proanthocyanidin (PA) oligomer and polymer fractions. The aim was to achieve better separation than traditionally achieved for the PAs with other chromatographic methods. The method was tested with eleven PA rich Sephadex LH-20 fractions, which originated from eleven different plant species. The resulting semipreparative fractions were analyzed by both triple quadrupole and high-resolution mass spectrometry assisted by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) separation. The results showed remarkable differences in the procyanidin to prodelphinidin ratio, mean degree of polymerization, and specific oligomeric and polymeric content. However, some of these features indicated consistent patterns between species as the function of UPLC retention time. The developed method enables the production of tens of well-defined fractions of PA oligomers and polymers from the unresolved chromatographic PA hump. Accordingly, this allows researchers to explore the most bioactive parts of the complex PA humps of any plant species, which have not been possible earlier.


Subject(s)
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods , Chromatography, Liquid , Proanthocyanidins/isolation & purification , Biflavonoids/chemistry , Biflavonoids/isolation & purification , Catechin/chemistry , Catechin/isolation & purification , Mass Spectrometry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Proanthocyanidins/chemistry
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