[The reproductive health and sexual behavior of HIV-infected women: the review].

The increased access to effective anti-retroviral treatment (ART) has made HIV comparable to chronic disease in terms of life expectancy. The advances in scientific knowledge and, in particular, in management of HIV-infected pregnant woman have reduced the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The analysis of current research demonstrates that HIV has been a problem in terms of sexuality and reproduction. The needs related to sexuality and reproduction are crucial ones to overall health and well-being of HIV-infected population. The future research is to focus not only on how sexual relations and relationships of HIV-positive women are manifested, but also on how health care system is to provide adequate support to women in relation with sexuality and reproduction. The purpose of study was to apply analysis of current research on sexuality, sexual and contraceptive behavior and implementation of reproductive function in HIV-infected women and the conditions affecting this realization. The review of national and international scientific publications concerning such areas as gynecology, reproductive health, sexuality and reproductive behavior of HIV-positive women from indexed on-line journals and relevant websites using such search engines as PubMed and Google in 1997-2019. The sample included 34 peer-reviewed qualitative studies, which covered 9523 HIV-positive surveyed women. The technique of interpretative meta-synthesis was applied to generalize and evaluate how experiences of HIV-positive women in sexuality and reproduction behavior have been described in qualitative studies. The effective anti-retroviral treatment has made HIV comparable to chronic disease in terms of life expectancy. The analysis of current research on this topic established that HIV was a problem in terms of sexuality and reproduction. The conditions that make the burden of HIV more severe are: HIV is an obstacle for starting and continuing relationship, providing sense of fear and loss. At the same time motherhood, spiritual beliefs, and supportive relationships made the burden of HIV easier. The HIV-positive test in women makes their sexual and reproductive health more complicated because of HIV status. Therefore, women face such unique challenges as problems in partnerships, sexual satisfaction and childbearing. The study results are important for developing optimal medical care to alleviate the burden of HIV infection. In addition to medical care, health care workers should consider social and psychological needs to support HIV-positive patients in improving their health and their sexual and reproductive health as well.

[The structure of opportunistic microbiota of nasopharynx and vaginal tract in women with reproduction disorders and chronic endometritis.]

The study was carried out to investigate microbiocenosis of nasopharynx and vaginal tract in women with reproductive disorders and chronic endometritis. The females were separated on two groups. The first group included females with morphologically verified chronic endometritis (n=32). The second group included females without chronic endometritis (n=32). The chronic tonsillitis was established in 21 out of 65 females from first group and in comparison group only in 9 females. In the analyzed biotypes resemblance of main infection agents (staphylococcus,enterococсus, colibacillus) was established. In nasopharynx biotope normocenosis was established in first and second groups in 33.3% and 45% of cases correspondingly. The first degree of dysbiosis was determined in both groups with equal rate (55,5%), second degree of dysbiosis was established only in women with chronic endometritis and chronic tonsillitis (11.1%).

[Reciprocal formation of mucosal microflora of open cavities of different habitats in women as an important factor of their reproductive health].

This review presents the current data on the human microbiome. In recent increase of erased and primary chronic forms of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs is observed, in which the clinical manifestations are varied, but the symptoms are not so much related with the changes in the pelvic organs, but with abnormalities in other body systems, secondarily involved in the pathological process. Recent research proved mutual influence of intestinal, vaginal and nasopharyngeal biocenosis. Women with vaginal microbiota disorders often revealed intestinal dysbiosis and chronic diseases of ENT (Ear Nose Throat) organs, which in turn contributes to chronic inflammatory process of pelvic organs, failure of therapeutic interventions, reduced quality of life and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.