Subject(s)
AIDS Serodiagnosis , AIDS Serodiagnosis/methods , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/congenital , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Infections/congenital , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Immunoglobulins/blood , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The authors have demonstrated the possibility of detecting antibodies to HIV in cadaveric blood by enzyme immunoassay, agglutination tests, dot- and immune blotting tests with Russian and imported commercial test systems. The qualitative and quantitative results of anti-HIV antibody indication, as well as of HBsAg indication in the postmortem blood sera completely coincided with the findings of the life-time tests in seronegative and HIV-infected subjects, whatever the subject's age. These results evidence the possibility of postmortem serologic diagnosis of HIV infection and AIDS in cases with lethal outcomes, if the condition was not diagnosed in life time.
Subject(s)
HIV Antibodies/analysis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Agglutination Tests , Autopsy , Child , Female , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Immunoblotting , Immunoenzyme Techniques , MaleABSTRACT
The significance of different serological methods and assay systems for the verification of false positive cases of HIV infection has been analyzed on the basis of materials obtained in arbitration studies. As demonstrated by this analysis, the use of such highly specific and sensitive systems as Huma-Lab, Enzygnost, Serodia and Erythrorecombinant has made it possible to obtain a reliable result as early as at the first stage of expert diagnosis in the enzyme immunoassay and the agglutination test. The methods of radioimmunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence have permitted a more precise differentiation of doubtful results than that achieved by immune blotting.
Subject(s)
HIV Antibodies/blood , Agglutination Tests/instrumentation , Agglutination Tests/standards , Evaluation Studies as Topic , False Positive Reactions , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/instrumentation , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/standards , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques/instrumentation , Immunoenzyme Techniques/standards , Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay/instrumentation , Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay/standards , Reference Standards , Sensitivity and SpecificitySubject(s)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control , Viral Vaccines/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis , Humans , Immunoglobulins/blood , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/therapy , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Viral Vaccines/immunology , gamma-Globulins/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The results of the comparative study of the immunological effectiveness of experimental samples of respiratory syncytial (RS) viral vaccine, prepared from a live attenuated strain and introduced in a single administration to young adults by the intranasal, intradermal and combined intranasal-intradermal) routes, are presented. The effectiveness of intranasal immunization was inversely related to the level of previously existing humoral (serum, secretory) antibodies. Intradermal immunization enhanced the frequency of the formation of serum antibodies in persons having had such antibodies before the introduction of RS vaccine. The most active formation of serum and secretory antibodies was ensured by the combined (intranasal-intradermal) method of the administration of live RS vaccine which proved to be particularly effective in persons having had antibodies in the blood and secretions prior to immunization.
