ABSTRACT
PURPOSE/METHODS: To report the pathological findings in a case of intravitreous cilia with macular pucker. We considered clinical factors to establish treatment. A pars plana vitrectomy and premacular membrane peeling were performed. Surgical samples were removed and studied with PAS, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's Trichromic and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: The histopathological examination disclosed the presence of cilia partially surrounded by a cuticle layer and internal limiting membrane with a celullarity increase. Surgical extraction is indicated in those cases in which the intraocular cilia are associated with any surgically treatable process or when it produces ocular inflammation or visual disturbance.
Subject(s)
Eye Diseases/etiology , Eye Foreign Bodies/etiology , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/complications , Eyelashes , Vitreous Body/pathology , Adult , Epiretinal Membrane/pathology , Eye Diseases/pathology , Eye Diseases/surgery , Eye Foreign Bodies/pathology , Eye Foreign Bodies/surgery , Humans , Male , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity , Vitreous Body/surgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the airflow resistances of modern double-lumen, single-lumen, and Univent (Fuji Systems Corp; Tokyo, Japan) tubes. DESIGN: A laboratory bench study. SETTING: A university hospital laboratory. MEASUREMENTS: Pressure differentials (Pd) were measured across study tubes at 10 L/min airflow (V) increments from 0 to 60 L/min in a tracheal model. Coefficients of resistance k1 (linear) and k2 (nonlinear) were calculated for each tube by the method of least squares using the Rohrer equation Pd/V = k1 + k2V. Data were assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the effects of tube design, circumference, and manufacturer on k1 and k2. MAIN RESULTS: Calculated combined mean k1 and k2 were significantly lower for single-lumen tubes compared with double-lumen or Univent tubes. There were no significant differences for k1 values between double-lumen or Univent tubes. The values for k2 were significantly lower for double-lumen tubes compared with Univent tubes. The k2 values were significantly lower for Rusch (Duluth, GA) or Sheridan (Argyle, NY) double-lumen tubes compared with Mallinckrodt (St Louis, MO) double-lumen tubes. This difference was because of the Y-connectors of the Mallinckrodt tubes. CONCLUSIONS: Flow resistances of modern disposable double-lumen tubes are lower than commonly perceived. In most clinical situations, there will be no decrease in flow resistance when a Rusch or Sheridan double-lumen tube is replaced by a single-lumen tube.
Subject(s)
Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Airway Resistance , Disposable Equipment , Equipment Design , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate gas formation during hepatic interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro, ILP was performed with a neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser on a piece of liver in a water bath. In vivo, nine pigs underwent 24 ultrasound (US)-monitored ILP procedures. Fiber tips were more than 1 cm from (n = 16) or adjacent to (n = 8) intrahepatic veins. The gas production seen on US images was graded on a scale of 0 to 4. Precordial Doppler US was performed in all cases. RESULTS: In vitro, smoke bubbles emanated from the vessels during ILP. In vivo, US showed intravascular gas production during nine of 15 exposures of at least 500 seconds duration. Gas production scores of 2 or more were recorded for nine exposures. Intracardiac gas was identified on eight precordial Doppler US recordings. All animals survived. CONCLUSION: Gas was detected in the heart during some ILP exposures. Patients with a probe-patent foramen ovale (24% prevalence) could be at risk for paradoxic air embolus during ILP.
